影响颈椎功能的因素有哪些？
颈椎可以进行哪些运动？
颈椎只能沿着额状轴（横轴）进行屈、伸运动，不能沿着矢状轴（纵轴）进行左、右侧 屈，及沿着垂直轴进行左、右 旋转运动。
颈椎的肌肉力量练习中主要通过静力练习而进行的。
促进肩关节健康的方法有伸展性练习和（）练习。
手持弹力带进行侧平举是练习哪一部位的肌肉力量。
手持哑铃侧平举不是促进肩关节健康的练习方法之一。
肩关节伸展性练习的方法有肩关节的上提、下落。
肩关节的伸展性练习可以促进关节具有良好的活动度。
以下哪种姿势使腰椎承受的负荷最大。
维持腰部稳定性需要以下哪些部分参与？
进行腰部的伸展性练习有助于以下哪些？
为了增加腰椎关节的稳固性，可以通过腰部力量性练习来实现。
关于髋关节的描述，错误的是（）。
促进髋关节健康中力量性练习是没有必要的。
髋关节只有很好的稳定性没有很好的灵活性。
在进行髋关节的伸展性练习前不需要进行适当的热身练习。
腰椎参与髋关节的很多运动以增加髋关节的活动度。
影响膝关节健康的因素有（）。
膝关节运动方式中主要有（）
体重过大且长时间跑步并不会伤害膝关节健康。
膝关节的半月板可以起到加深关节窝、缓冲震动和保护膝关节的功能。
以下哪种情况踝关节最容易发生扭伤。
以下哪种方法可以促进踝关节健康。
通过拉伸小腿后侧肌群可以促进踝关节健康。
单腿站立提踵练习不是提高小腿肌肉力量的方法。
影响髋关节功能的因素有哪些。（）
踝关节的运动包括哪些。（）
腰椎的运动包括哪些。（）
膝关节功能的影响因素包括哪些。（）
肩关节功能的影响因素包括哪些。（）
颈椎功能的影响因素包括哪些。（）
久坐不动以后即使腰酸背痛、腿脚麻木也不必起身运动。
在开始正式运动之前有必要进行热身准备活动，避免运动损伤。
在进行运动时运动量和运动强度越大越好。
在进行运动时合理的拉伸和肌肉力量练习是有必要的。
平板支撑是锻炼核心功能力量、保护腰椎的练习方法。
在进行深蹲练习时，膝关节不要超过脚尖，以免对膝关节造成损伤。
请谈谈通过学习本课程你所学会的内容以及心得体会，字数不限。
下列手法中不属于摩擦类手法的是
推法中着力较重的是
掌平推法操作时的支点是
平推法操作时，着力部位要 体表
下列关于指摩法的叙述，正确的是
掌摩法操作时主动运动的部位是
下列关于摩法的叙述，错误的是
摩法操作时频率为
摆动类手法主要是通过 的摆动
肘揉法操作时主动运动的部位是
揉法与摩法的主要区别是
下列关于揉法的叙述，错误的是
(指间关节)滚法操作时的着力部位是
㨰法操作时，肘关节屈曲角度过小
㨰法操作时，腕关节屈曲向外㨰动的幅度是
㨰法操作的频率是
一指禅推法操作时，错误的动作要领是
一指禅推法动作要领中应始终贯穿一个字是
一指禅推法要求腕关节自然悬屈在
适用于骨缝小关节间的一指禅推法是
下列关于平推法的叙述，正确的有
摩法操作时，医者应放松的部位有
下列关于揉法的叙述，错误的有
掌指关节㨰法的着力面有
下列关于一指禅推法的叙述，正确的有
摩擦类手法的接触面积较大，作用力较深，安全舒适，无副作用。
平推法操作时即可单方向推进，也可直线往返移动。
掌摩法操作时，医者指掌自然伸直，腕关节微伸。
《厘正要术》曰：“摩法较推则从轻，较运则从重”
摆动类手法包括旋推法、揉法、㨰法。
揉法操作时，医者肩、肘、腕、掌均应放松。
侧掌㨰法操作时，以肘关节为支点，前臂主动摆动，带动腕关节的屈伸及前臂的旋转活动。
㨰法操作时，肘关节屈曲至120º 左右。
一指禅推法的频率是120—160次/分钟 。
一指禅推法操作时，医者只有将肩、肘、腕、掌各部位都放松，才能使功力集中于拇指。
擦法的运动形式是
擦法是（ ）流派的主要手法
拇指擦法操作时的支点是
擦法中产生热量最高的 是
下列关于擦法的叙述，错误的是
下列关于搓法的叙述，正确的是
下列关于挤压类手法的叙述，错误的是
按法与压法的主要区别是
点法的着力部位是
下列关于按法的叙述，错误的是
用指、掌、肘着力于体表一定部位，进行持续性按压的手法，称为
用拇指与其余四指着力于体表一定部位或穴位，做对称性挤压动作的手法，称为
捏法操作时的着力部位是
拿法的用力方向是
下列关于拿法的叙述，正确的是
常用于指、趾小关节的手法是
用指、掌、肘着力于体表一定部位或穴位，稍用力向下按压做与肌纤维、肌腱、韧带呈垂直方向一定的手法，称为
下列关于拨法的叙述，错误的是
拨法操作时拨动的方向、角度、幅度应根据（ ）的走行而定
下列关于理法的叙述，正确的是
拨法和理法的主要区别是
叩击类手法技巧性较强，多属（ ）手法
下列关于击法的叙述，错误的是
拍法的着力部位是
八段锦的第四式是
八段锦下列动作中不分左右练习的是
太极拳中需重复四遍的动作是
太极拳下列动作中不是虚步的动作是
太极拳中左右蹬脚之间的动作是
太极拳中包含掤、捋、挤、按四种攻防动作的是
擦法操作时应遵循的原则有
下列关于搓法的叙述，错误的有
临床应用后，常继以揉法，以缓和的手法有
拿法的适用部位有
理法操作时的（ ）应根据肌肉的走行而定
击法操作时，应避开和慎用的部位有
下列关于叩法的叙述，正确的有
八段锦中在马步基础上进行的有
八段锦中先做左侧，后做右侧的动作有
太极拳中应重复三遍的动作有
擦法操作时应以肩关节为支点，上臂主动运动。
擦法操作时动作要快，但在体表移动的速度要慢。
捏法操作时以腕关节的活动为主。
挤法操作时以局部皮下出现红紫为度。
拨法和理法是治疗伤筋的主要手法。
拍法操作时整个手掌周边不可同时接触治疗部位。
八段锦中背后七颠百病消共做六次。
八段锦收式时男生左手在内，女生右手在内重叠置于丹田处。
太极拳中单鞭先后出现了两次。
如下图所示的折边固定针法是折叠下摆和袖口贴边时用的固定方法。
臀围是指臀部最宽大最高的位置，一般是在腰围线下15~18cm的位置水平环绕一圈。
如下图所示，确定袖窿底点位置：从袖窿根盘顶端向下量取12cm左右（中码人台袖窿深尺寸），在侧缝线插入大头针，标出袖窿底点。
对于基本前衣片袖窿处加放松量的方法为：沿着袖窿底点与侧腰点的连线（紧身侧缝线）量下2.5cm，作标记点，过此标记点垂直于紧身侧缝线量出1.3cm，得到新的袖窿底点。
前衣片描点、画线完成后，按要求加放缝份，修剪多余布料。注意保留原始袖窿底点（不要剪去）。
基本后衣省得腰省省长没有限制，省尖可以设置在后片任意高度上。
前后基本衣身肩线拼合后，领圈与袖窿弧线在肩线两端交接处要求圆顺，前后肩省要求对齐。
作业内容：完成基本衣身（见下图）的立体裁剪、检验及调整。 作业要求：要求布料上画线清晰；大头针准确别合；立裁完成的衣身造型美观，穿着合体。 作业上交要求：将完成的基本衣身穿在人台上，拍正面、侧面、背面着装照，并上传。
t线位置确定：在臀围线上，分别离前、后侧缝线（）cm的位置，往上画直丝缕线作为t线。
固定前后中心线和臀围线时，注意布料侧缝线需对准人台的侧缝线，在臀围线上均匀分布松量，使臀围线保持水平，裙身自然垂直，无歪斜。
作业内容：完成基本裙（见下图）的立体裁剪、检验及调整。 作业要求：要求布料上画线清晰；大头针准确别合；立裁完成的裙子造型美观，穿着合体。 作业上交要求：将完成的基本裙穿在人台上，拍正面、侧面、背面着装照，并上传。
根据袖片对位记号确定衣片袖窿对位记号位置，方法如下：在前衣片袖窿上做单个对位记号，后衣片袖窿上做双对位记号，对位记号到袖窿底点之间弧线长与对应袖山弧线长相等。
对于正常体，根据人体体型特征，通常后袖窿弧线长（后ah）要求比前袖窿弧线长（前ah）短1-1.3cm。
立裁公主线衣身时，袖窿底点处需加放松量。如果是装袖的款式，袖窿下落_____cm，加大_____cm。
六片裙立裁前需要准备好人台：在人台上用标识带标出臀围线，在腰围线与臀围线之间标示出裙片的（ ），从前中到后中标出裙子的起波浪位置。
多片裙通过分割线使起波浪点以上的裙子符合人体形态，通过起波浪点以下分割线变化形成不同廓形，如a型轮廓或钟型轮廓。
取下立裁好的裙片，裙片不用分开，连顺个标记线。对于a型裙，从起波浪位置到下摆的缝线用直线连接，从波浪位置到腰部的缝线用（ ）连接。
单省衣身的省道设计不受限制，可以始于衣身任何部位，如前中、侧缝、腰围、袖窿、肩线和领圈，并指向胸高点。
对于多领省前衣身，其衣片领圈上的多个省道均指向胸高点附近。
下图所示的斜襟衣身，领口线处布料丝缕应采用（ ）。
立裁斜襟衣身前需要去掉人台前胸的胸桥，用胶带在人台上标出领线和袖窿。
作业内容：完成一款变化衣身（省道、褶裥、塔克或分割线等不同形式均可）的设计、立裁、检验及调整。 作业要求：要求款式新颖；布料熨烫平整、画线清晰；大头针别合准确；立裁完成的衣身造型美观，穿着合体。 作业上交要求：将完成的变化衣身穿在人台上，拍正面、侧面、背面着装照，并上传。
立裁波浪裙后，把腰线上各记号连接的线条即为腰线，即使腰线呈折线状。
作业内容：完成一款变化腰裙（直身裙、多片裙、波浪裙等不同类别裙型均可，也可加入插片、育克、荷叶边等）的设计、立裁、检验及调整。 作业要求：要求款式新颖；布料熨烫平整、画线清晰；大头针别合准确；立裁完成的裙子造型美观，穿着合体。 作业上交要求：将完成的腰裙穿在人台上，拍正面、侧面、背面着装照，并上传。
which of the following scientists should be listed as the top one?
the intentions of academic journals are the followings except for:
journal metrics can be used in academic circles to ______.
which metric is used to measure the productivity and impact of an author?
how many digits does isbn have after 1st january 2007?
which of the following citation indexes was not originally published by the institute for scientific information (isi)?
generally speaking, which two types can abbreviations be classified into?
which of the following abbreviations is not correct?
which of the following is not the suitable tool for you to search for the top journals, top conferences and top authors?
the influence of an author’s journal articles can be evaluated by the following factors except for ______.
journal metrics can be used in academic circles to ______.
what do you use the software of note-express for?
which function of the below is not listed as one of the functions of endnote?
zotero is similar to endnote in some aspects, but different in that
which of the following is not categorized as scientific literature?
which of the following is defined as tertiary literature?
which type of the following international conferences is listed as number one conference in the world?
the followings are published in academic journals except for:
there are differences between a journal research article and a graduation paper. they are different in the following aspects except for:
which is not the feature of product specification?
which type of document below does not belong to the classification of product specification?
the classification of standard documents can be drawn according to the range of their application, thus they are classified in terms of the followings except for:
which of the following criteria is not the criterion used to classify technical reports?
which of the following is not one of the four well-known american technical reports?
how many years would a patent be protected?
the following words are regarded as derivation formation except for:
which nominalization of the below is not listed as transforming a verb into a noun?
which of the followings is not the morpheme or suffixation indicated as illness?
which transitional word of the below is to interpret as the meaning of contrast?
which of the followings is not the usage of lexical metaphor in scientific literature?
which type of title does this title “application of sliding mode in the construction of reinforced concrete” belong to?
when you read phrases in the introduction section of a research article, such as “little is, however, known about participants views of”, you will know that the following contents might possibly be about:
the following contents are the major contents in the research method section, except for:
based on purposes, research methods can be classified into the following categories except for:
ethical issue will be involved if the research subjects are except for:
the result section of a research article usually presents the research finding in form of non-verbal language which is:
which move is not included in the discussion section of a research article?
the major difference between fact description and opinion description is that an opinion is described by the following means except for:
the functions of references are the follows except for:
in the acknowledgement section of a research paper, what was thanked usually include except for:
对研究性文章的各个部分的话步进行分析！
the differences between a research article and a review article mainly falls on:
based on timeline, review articles are classified into retrospective review and prospective review, while the retrospective review focuses on the historical development of the research area, the prospective review focuses on:
when we read a contentious review article, what is the focus of the review?
the differences between a macro-review and a micro-review are drawn based on:
the section that follows the introduction section in a research article is the method section, but what follows the introduction section in a review article is often the:
in the abstract of a review article, there are usually five moves, after the move of indicating the reviewed focus, what might follow closely is the move that describes:
when the author wants to introduce some relevant studies that others have done, he or she would usually use the following phrases except for:
the main body section of a review article usually does not have fixed moves, but rather indicate the reviewed details by use of:
when you read a review article, it is much easier to follow the subtitles of each section for reviewed contents, but also you can follow:
“to overcome these barriers, collaboration between research institutions, industry, government, and other stakeholders is essential.” in this sentence, the underlined phrases indicate:
古代壁画分布广泛，题材丰富，主要有三种形式，分别是:1、古代墓室壁画，2、古代石窟寺壁画，3、————
敦煌壁画是我国优秀辉煌的文化遗产，蕴含着北魏以来的绘画、雕塑的艺术瑰宝。包括敦煌莫高窟、————、安西榆林窟共有石窟552个，是我国乃至世界壁画最多的石窟群，保存着一千多年的珍贵历史艺术史料，内容非常丰富。
美术作品的基本性质是“有意味的形式”，美术的社会功能主要体现在以下几个方面即：————、教育功能、审美功能。
下面都是长卷作品的选项为：
东晋著名画家顾恺之绘制的《女史箴图》描绘的是古代妇女应当遵守的道德信条，是根据西晋大臣、文学家————的讽谏贾后的辞赋《女史箴》画的一卷插图性画卷。
传统绘画艺术是建立在笔、墨、纸、砚之上的传统绘画，早期是作于纸本绘画材料上，后来发展到在石壁、粉墙、绢和帛等织物上作画。
传统绘画的长卷是左右展开的画作，画卷便于携带，随时观赏。
荆浩在《笔法记》中，将三远法下过这样的定义：“山有三远：自山下而仰山巅谓之高远；自山前而窥山后谓之深远；自近山而望远山谓之平远。
明代画家陈洪绶的《水浒叶子》，是将水浒传人物与马吊牌中关键牌色组合，形成幽默有趣的文字游戏，是典型的扇面画作品。
传统绘画简称画，亦称“水墨画”。按题材可大致分为山水画、花鸟画、人物画。
唐代画家阎立本的线描画部刚劲圆润，画衣物简练粗重，设色也较前代更浓重，作品人物形象逼真传神，时人誉之为“丹青神化”其主要代表作有————、————。
传统绘画的线条变化丰富，在针对人物衣纹褶皱绘画的线条处理上，逐步发展出各种形态的线，清王瀛将其付诸图画，并注明每种描法的要点。简称————。
5《五马图》是宋代著名画家————的代表作，他在白描的技法上有巨大的贡献，“扫支粉黛、淡毫清墨”，“不施丹青，而光采动人”，苏轼称赞他：“龙眠胸中有千驷，不惟画肉兼画骨”。
传统山水画中的“青绿山水”是指采用————、————为主的设色作品，是典型的工笔绘画技法，伴随着水墨的色彩审美观念出现，逐步由重色重彩技法，发展出淡彩、浅绛技法。
文人绘画注重画意的传达，水墨的丰富变化为其提供了造型写意的可能性，墨分五色是指：————
传统色彩系统包含了“阴阳五行、等级阶层、儒释道禅”等多意观念，其中青\赤\黄\白\黑等五色被列为正色。
《潇湘图》为五代巨然的画作，是山水画史上代表性作品。
丹指丹砂，青指青雘（音“霍”），本是两种可作颜料的矿物。因为我国古代绘画常用朱红色和青色两种颜色。丹青成为绘画艺术的代称。
在山石树木的绘画表现上，传统绘画中的一种特殊艺术语言形式叫做皴法，强调技巧语言的视觉感受，是历代山水画家在师法自然造化的实践中提炼出来的，既有外部世界的痕迹特征又具备不同时期和时代的审美取向。
千里江山图是北宋画家黄公望的作品，属于典型的青绿重彩山水绘画。作品中继承了唐代青绿山水设色技法，采用长卷的方式表达了厚重、苍翠连绵的青山与浩渺无际的水面，该画是青绿山水的里程碑作品。
工笔画是指传统绘画的一个绘画技法类别，工笔画追求用笔生动、渲染层次丰富、形象细腻逼真，因技法的需求，其作品需要表现在经过胶矾水处理后的“————、————”之上。
唐代在人物画上取得极高的成就，其中唐代的仕女画著名画家————、————的创作，逐渐与盛唐气象的丰满体态相吻合，这样的画风，直接影响到了晚唐的人物画风，如他们的主要作品《捣练图》、《簪花仕女图》
————取材宫廷女性生活，后宫嫔妃装饰华丽奢艳，体态丰腴，正从容悠缓地在庭园散步。其中对植物的描绘起到关键的作用，如画面中借助了荷花、牡丹、玉兰等植物有效的表现了人物的状态与动态烘托了画面的意境与情调。
“金枝玉叶老遗民，笔砚精良迥出尘。兴到写花如戏影，眼空兜率是前身”。这是清初四僧的————在八大所绘的《水仙图》上题写的挽诗。
徐渭在画史上与陈淳并称为“青藤”、“白阳”，并被视为大写意画派的创始人。————以狂放的笔触，淋漓的水墨，变化多端的笔锋，泼墨、焦墨、破墨、双勾并用，寥寥数笔即勾画出了各种花卉的特征，简约却颇具神采。
工笔画又叫细笔画
搜尽奇峰打草稿是清初画家朱耷的创作理念
梁楷，南宋人，人称是“梁风（疯）子”。 他的传世的作品有《六祖伐竹图》、《五马图》、《斗茶图》等。
传统绘画以线造型为基础，目前最早以线为主、具有独立意义的单幅画，如《人物御龙图》帛画、《龙凤人物图》帛画。两画的题材内容、创作风格和制作时代大体相同。
工笔画的绘画技巧语言鉴赏应注意细腻变化的线条语言与层次分明的渲染着色。
南朝齐（479—502）时画家、理论家谢赫在其著作————中，依据人物画的创作实践，归纳整理的绘画社会功能以及品评绘画的六条标准，被称之曰“六法”。
元代花鸟画分为两类，一类是延续宋代院体花鸟画而略有变异，画法严谨写实，稳健的骨体和华美的铺陈反映出功力的精湛。 另一类是在宋文人士大夫传统基础上发展的水墨花鸟，大都借————四君子的形象寓君子之德。
《林泉高致》产生在山水画充分成熟的时期，集中地论述了有关自然美与山水画的许多基本问题。是郭煕山水画创作的一篇经验总结,是由其子郭思整理而成的.全书分六节,即序言、————、画意、画诀、画格拾遗、画题.
魏晋时期《古画品录》中对前朝画家依据作品进行分类的方法是鉴赏评论绘画的品级分类的最早方法，他对前朝画家进行了————级分配。
传统绘画分人物画、花鸟画、山水画三科，其中————是最早成熟的画科。
唐代张彦远《历代名画记》分六门，即人物、屋宇、山水、鞍马、鬼神、花鸟等。北宋《宣和画谱》分十门，即道释门、人物门、宫室门、番族门、龙鱼门、山水门、畜兽门、花鸟门、墨竹门、蔬菜门等。
宗炳的《山水诀》是绘画史上最早的一篇山水画论。
六法分别为：气韵生动、骨法用笔、应物象形、随类赋彩、经营位置（或经营置位）、传移模写（一作传模移写）
唐代黄筌、黄居寀花鸟绘画风格华丽，适合宫廷的富贵气氛和装饰口味，号称“黄家富贵”，并成为北宋初期画院优劣取舍的程式。
毗卢寺壁画是我国绘画史上的重要作品之一， 三清殿为永乐宫主殿，殿内壁画 《朝元图》，为大型仪仗朝拜的进行阵容。共绘天神290身，纵4.26米，横长94.68米。共计403.34平方米。成为世界绘画史上罕见的巨制。
明代以————为核心，莫是龙、陈继儒等人，借鉴禅宗“南北宗”明代文人大家对前朝历代画家进行作品风格与创作方法划分的理论。
现藏于台北故宫博物院的《春山瑞松图》是北宋————的作品。通过其独创的落茄点皴法将江南的是云烟涌动的山林景色描绘的润湿而有生趣。
南宋马远《踏歌行》是北宗山水的代表作品，其画作的————皴法表现的硬朗刚强，具有北派山水特有的语言特征。
————是反映传统绘画在宫廷权贵阶层的的一个特殊审美现象，作品常常形象造型严谨，设色华丽，笔法工整细致，装饰富丽。
苏轼不仅是文人绘画的提出者、实践者同时也是建立文人画审美评价方法的理论家，“论画以形似，见与儿童邻。赋诗必此诗，定知非诗人”反映了他在绘画造型上侧重意象绘画，不追求形似，注重意境的表达和情感的宣泄。
《夏景山口待渡图》作者是后唐画家荆浩的作品，作品中水墨语言的绘画风格对后代文人绘画的审美趣味影响深远，该画打破了常规山水的审美特征语言，注重自然山水的神气表达。
我国唐代已设待诏、供奉等，五代时，西蜀、南唐设置画院。宋代院体画设翰林图画院，图画院绘画画技法语言与审美达到最高标准，后期非宫廷画家模仿性作品也称之为院体画风格。
清代院画有三类形式，分别是传统绘画、民俗画、西洋铜版画等。
《富春山居图》是元代画家黄公望的长卷作品，作品以浙江山水为蓝本，采用水墨纸本的方式创作完成，全画山环水绕、秀润高雅、气度不凡。现分为两段，“剩山图”今天收藏于浙江省博物馆，而富春山居图“无用师卷”则藏于台北故宫博物院。
南宗则王摩诘（王维）始用渲淡，一变勾斫之法，其传为张璪、荆（浩）、关（仝）、董（源）、巨（然）、郭忠恕、米家父子，以至元之四大家。——董其昌。
传统绘画在今天主要采用的材料简单概括的说就是笔、墨、纸、砚，其中纸是指________。
在传统绘画中的最能够体现水墨意趣的意象绘画方式是________。
现存最早的独幅传统绘画题材大多相近，如人物龙凤、人物御龙，绘制这些绘画采用的主要媒介材料是________。
在宣纸的使用上主要有熟宣和生宣两大品类，其中熟宣适合绘制________。
传统绘画十分重视线条语言的使用，比如曹衣出水、吴带当风分别指的是哪两个画家的风格？
砚台是传统绘画的主要工具之一，它的主要功能是________。
壁画是早期绘画的重要形式之一，在我国壁画的主要呈现方式有三种，分别是________。
敦煌壁画是以甘肃敦煌地名命名壁画的专用词汇，它的洞窟载体形式主要泛指________等三个洞窟群部分。
敦煌壁画距今天最近的绘制也有千年以上的时间，但是壁画仍然十分的艳丽，是因为________。
李家父子的青绿山水，工细华丽的气息扑面而来，其作品“装饰造境，富贵之美”是________的又一重要审美特征。
荆浩在________中曰：夫画有六要：一曰气，二曰韵，三曰思，四曰景，五曰笔，六曰墨。
根据嵇康"手挥五弦，目送归鸿"的诗句，东晋大画家________在论画时常将它用来形容绘画中表达神韵的难度:"手挥五弦易，目送归鸿难“。
被唐明皇称赞为“卿所曲掩障,夜闻水声,通神之佳手也”的是被列为北宗之祖的________。
画色彩观基于古代哲学的五行观念而有五色之说，分别是指________。
五代，花鸟画进入繁荣时期，有“黄家富贵，徐熙野逸”之说，其中“黄家富贵”是指以画家________为代表的花鸟画风格。
魏晋南北朝时期，南朝画家、理论家谢赫在其著作《古画品录》中依据自己创作人物画的实践与体会，归纳整理出了品评绘画的六条标准，被称为“六法”。 “六法者何？一________是也，二________是也，三应物象形是也，四随类赋彩是也，五经营位置是也，六传移模写是也。
北宋画家________绘制的长卷作品《清明上河图》，生动的记录了北宋时期都城东京的城市面貌和当时社会各阶层的生活状况。
隋朝画家展子虔绘制的青绿山水作品叫________，被认为是最早可考证的山水画作品。此图描绘了江南二月桃杏争艳时人们春游的情景，现收藏在我国的________。
唐代出现独立的水墨渲淡作品形式，由此也被认为绘画出现南北宗分派的时期。其中南宗代表人物王维提出了________的观念。
《百子嬉春图》是宋代苏汉臣所作的工笔设色作品，画面题材表现了孩子们庆祝________的各种活动场景，是一幅典型的人物风俗画作。
在工笔山水中，________的表现手法是先施笔墨勾轮廓，再以石青、石绿为主色描绘填染（双勾填色），通过色彩的反复多遍的勾勒、渲染等技法叠加来获得画面效果。
________是画技法名，指单用墨色线条勾描形象而不藻修饰与渲染烘托的画法，这种以墨线造型的方法起源于早期作品的底稿。
________是北宋王希孟创作的绘画长卷作品。是十大传世名画之一。象征着青绿山水发展的新里程，集北宋以来青绿山水之大成，体现着天人合一的山水思想。
元代画家赵孟頫的作品________，描画了溪水边的饮马放马活动，溪水清澈透明，马倌各施其职，马儿姿态各异。
宋朝苏轼最先提出________的概念,他主张“诗画本一律”,大力倡导诗画结合。
出土在我国湖南长沙马王堆的________形帛画，出土时色彩依旧艳丽，是我国汉代时期的绢本彩绘作品。
《富春山居图》是我国元朝时期山水大家________的作品，画面主要采用水墨绘制，该画所使用的主要皴法是披麻皴。
传统水墨山水画作品所采用的平远法、深远法、________等三种透视法，统称为散点透视法。
“八大山人”是指明末清朝的________。
“有的表示天，有的表示水，有的表示云，有的表示雾，有的可能是整个背景，使人物、花鸟或其他所描绘的主体更加突出；有的可能则什么也不表示，是一种感觉，一种印象，或是一种精神。”这段话是在讲述绘画中的________。
水墨山水画在历代取得的显著成就都和一些画家紧密相关联，一些具有典型风格的画家在美术史上被分门别类， “元四家”便是对元代的一个总体风格的概括。号称曹衣出水的曹不兴不是元四家之一。
卷轴画是较为正式的一种画幅形式，分为长卷和扇面两种。
明代画家陈洪绶绘制的《水浒叶子》，是将水浒传人物与马吊牌中关键牌色组合，形成幽默有趣的文字游戏画面。
我国古代绘画常用朱红色和青色两种颜色，丹指丹砂，青指青雘（音“霍”），本是两种可作颜料的矿物。因此，丹青成为绘画艺术的代称。
北宋时期王希孟的《千里江山图》设色华丽，这幅作品充分印证了浅绛山水的审美价值取向。
工笔画是传统绘画中用简练的笔法快速描绘景物的一种艺术形式，是艺术家在长期的艺术实践中训练形成的。
五代时期的南唐画家顾闳中的作品《韩熙载夜宴图》，是一幅精致的工笔设色长卷作品，分段描绘了载歌行乐的生活场面。
我国传统绘画中根据绘画风格和艺术需求的不同，形成了十八种线条的表现形式，后世称之为“十八描”，早期主要是人物绘画，后逐步在山水、花鸟画中广为使用。
唐宋时期,文人“水墨”画开始不断兴盛起来，以“笔墨”为宗，追求写意的“水墨画”是文人群体喜爱的主要绘画形式，并逐渐成为传统绘画的新趋势，后人也将这个群体的作品泛称为“文人画”。
《杂花图卷》、《墨葡萄图》等作品是明代画家徐渭的写意花鸟画风格的代表性作品，他的作品中，物体在造型上洒脱自由，重笔墨韵味，重神而不拘泥于形。
how many countries are there in the u.k.？
what is the capital of wales?
which of the following places of interests is not located in london?
the usa is country bordered on the east by the pacific ocean and to the west by the atlantic ocean.
new england in america is the first region where europeans settled.
the state of california is located in the northeast of the country.
the majority of the people of the u.k. is ____________.
__________ has the oldest black community in britain.
_____________ are the largest ethnic minority in the united states.
the language of english was brought by the normans to england during the 11th century.
the major isions are normally classified as english english, welsh english and scottish english in britain.
the english and welsh are both celtic language.
received pronunciation refers to a way of pronouncing standard english that is used by two percent of the _________ population.
which of the following is not american english？
which of the followings is not a commonly found mistake when chinese speak english?
which city is the largest financial centre in the u.k. after london?
what is the capital of wales?
which minority is regared as the “model minority” in america?
which of the following expression is typical british english?
the two main islands of the british isles are great britain and ireland.
new york is the capital of the united states.
the state of california is located in the northeast of the country.
chinese is the fourth most-spoken language in the usa.
english and welsh are both celtic languages.
there are ____________ countries in the u.k..
the capital of england is _________________.
the largest city in the u.s. is ________________.
in the united states, _________ is the most common language in the country after english.
what is the american english for the word autumn?
___________ tribes were ancestors of the highland scots, the irish and the welsh.
which of the followings were not brought the romans?
william i of england is a/an______.
recorded history of britain started from the time when the celts settled on the island.
the process of creating a single, unified kingdom of england could be said to have been achieved by_____________.
what is the nickname of queen mary i?
after henry viii，who succeeded his throne?
the reign of elizabeth i is called the ________ age.
during the second british emipre, ______________ were transported to australia continuously.
which of the following reasons is not accounting for the fall of the british empire?
at the peak of its power, the phrase "the empire on which the sun never sets" was often used to describe the british empire.
the earliest identified people lived in america is ____________.
it was believed that america was first discovered by ____________.
in 1620, the pilgrim fathers sailed for virginia on a ship called __________.
by 1733, english settlers had occupied _____ colonies along the atlantic coast.
the british government began to increase the economic exploitation of the colonies to ______________.
the event that triggered the war of independence is __________________.
after the civil war, ___________ , which had ided the country from its beginning, was abolished.
which of the following document is the one issued to free the slaves in america?
the british government began to increase the economic exploitation of the colonies to ______________.
the pilgrims signed an agreement called the _____________ in their journey to america, which incorporated the spirit of obedience to the common good.
the celtic tribes were ancestors of __________.
in history, which monarchs are given the title “the great?”
which of the following statements about the british empire are true?
which of the following statements about the american civil war are true?
the british empire established many private companies to administer colonies and oversea trade, the most famous one is east india company in india.
by 1733, english settlers had occupied 12 colonies along the atlantic coast.
british history before 55 bc is basically undocumented.
during the war, the fundamental documents of the us,____________________, was drafted and issued in 1776.
after the civil war, ___________ , which had ided the country from its beginning, was abolished, and slaves became free men since then .
which industry did the industrial revolution start from ?
the first industrial revolution originated from _______.
________ is the largest financial center just next to new york.
the ________ economy has for a long time been the largest and most important economy in the world.
the united states was the world’s largest manufacturer, and its manufacturing output was greater than that of the manufacturing output of china, india, and brazil combined in 2008.
the u.s. is the world’s greatest power is the world’s greatest debtor.
silicon valley is home to the following companies except_____.
the first light bulb that could glow for over 1,500 hours was invented in 1879 in the u.k.
america’s high-tech industry ranks first in the world and plays an important role in the country’s economic growth.
steve jobs has been named the second greatest innovator of all time, behind thomas edison, in the 2012, for his contribution in the introduction of _______.
british companies are active in all major fields of the manufacturing industry, particularly performing well in the following fields except ____________.
the united states is the ______ largest national economy in the world.
“jenny” was an early abbreviation of the word “________”
which of the following banks are british banks?
which of the following brand names are american?
the industrial revolution started from the textile industry in england.
america’s high-tech industry ranks first in the world and plays an important role in the country’s economic growth.
__________has been the u.s. largest food and agricultural state for nearly 50 years. (a state of the country)
_______________ is the largest stock exchange in the world by value of its listed companies’ securities
the national currency of the uk is the ____________.
the canadian symbol is the ____________.
over 75% of all canadian trade is done exclusively with _________.
the name of the lower house of the canadian parliament is the ___________.
the largest city of canada is __________.
the capital city of canada is _________.
canada is recognized as a multicultural nation.it has placed emphasis on equality and inclusiveness for all its people.
insulin was invented by the canadians.
the senators of canada are elected by the people.
the head of the canadian government is the governor general.
in canada, provinces have more autonomy than territories, they are responsible for social programs such as health care, education, and welfare.
which of the following is not a film company in the u.s.?
_____________ is a neighborhood in the central region of los angeles, california. it is notable for its place as the home of the u.s. film industry.
as the movie industry moved into the new millennium, ______ films gained an increasing popularity such as avatar.
now there is a collection of free-to-air, free-to-view and subscription services over a variety of distribution media in the u.k..
british television differs from the american television in that programs do not generally have a long ‘season’ run of around 20 weeks.
_____________________ are the most prestigious awards given in the british television industry.
which social media is the most popular in the u.s.? - 未答
for most british people, most days begin with a look at the morning newspaper and a cup of coffee. -
the daily telegraph, a centre-right broadsheet paper, is the highest-selling of the "quality" newspapers.
__________ is a native american musical and verse form, and it is a combination of african work songs, field hollers and shouts.
the beatles, who helped to secure a major place for its country in the development of pop and rock music, is an american band.
scottish folk music includes many kinds of songs, including ballads and laments, sung by a single singer with accompaniment by _________, fiddles or harps.
the melding of rhythm and blues with country and western music in the mid-1950s gave birth to __________.
though originally a kind of dance music, _________ has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element of western classical music.
which of the following newspapers in the u.s. is the one that first exposed the watergate scandal in 1972? - 未答
the walt disney’s studio is a famous u.s. company, specializing in ___________. - 未答复
__________ is a typical reality tv show in america.
which of the following reason accounts for the success of hollywood ? - 未答复
which of the following companies are american film companies?
__________ are typical sit-coms in america.
which of the following female singers are american
the united states has the world’s largest music market. -
britain has had an impact on popular music disproportionate to its size, due to its linguistic and cultural links with many countries.
the times is the oldest weekly newspaper in the country.
newspapers are referred to as the p__________.
12单元测试
new zealand is the sole home of the long-beaked,flightless bird，_______.
the __________ on april 25 is a public holiday in new zealand honouring those who have served in its military forces during the wwii.
in terms of landmass, australia is the _______ largest in the world.
the _________ is the head of australia.
the _______,which contains the world's largest collection of coral reefs,is a site of remarkable beauty on the north-east coast of australia.
new zealand comprises two main islands，the west and east islands.
australia is located in the southern hemisphere.
the government of the commonwealth of australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy.
the queen is represented in australia by the prime minister at the federal level.
___________ , which is a house not joined to another house, is the most popular type for british. - 未答
the typical english food includes the followings except __________.
nowadays, a typical english breakfast consists of eggs, bacon, sausages, fried bread, mushrooms and baked beans all washed down with a cup of coffee.
in recent years, the religious share of christians is increasing. - 未答复
henry viii carried out a religious reform in england. he had the bible translated to english , and the people who believed in this new religion were called protestants .
the three largest religious groups by world population are islam, ____________ and buddhi.
in england, a dark haired person is asked to enter through the front door at midnight with salt, coal, and bread in his possession. and they believe coal suggests __________ in the new year.
which of the following christmas event is not typical british?
easter sunday falls on the second sunday of march.
when is the independent day of the u.s.?
every easter sunday, the president of the united states holds an annual easter egg hunt on the white house lawn for young children.
martin luther king jr. is most well-known for his ___________, and the martin luther king day is to memorize him.
the traditional easter gift to children in the u.k. is a ____________.
easter is the oldest and the most important christian festival, the celebration of the ________ of jesus christ.
which of the followings is considered bad luck in britain?
one may be called by typical affectionate names by the english people, such as________.
the two largest religious groups by world population are___________.
for british, if you are a guest, it is polite to wait until your host starts eating or indicates you should do so.
the family unit is generally considered the extended family, and it is typically big in america.
the majority of americans identify themselves as christians, while close to one third claim no religious affiliation.
the official birthday of queen elizabeth ii is marked each year by a military parade and march-past, known as trooping the colour.
thanksgiving dinner almost always includes some of the foods served at the first feast: roast turkey, cranberry sauce, potatoes, pumpkin pie.
which of the following sports did not begin in britain?
beginning in at least the 1960s, the uk had a reputation worldwide for football __________, which means disorderly, aggressive and often violent behaviour of spectators at sporting events.
the world's most famous tennis tournament is held in ____________ , u.k..
beer bars, sometimes called taverns in the u.k., are not allowed to sell _______.
in the u.k., it is customary to tip your waiter/waitress at the end of the meal, which is approx ________, though sometimes this is included in the bill.
in the uk, the term pub is more commonly used, and bars is more commonly used in the us.
___________is the most popular destination for uk residents for their holiday.
__________ are the most popular months for holidays in british people.
sundays used to be the one day of the week for ‘worship and rest’, but now people tend to spend their time shopping, gardening or diy.
the ______________ in london is one of the world’s largest and most important museums of human history and culture.
the fisherman’s wharf is located in __________ in the u.s.
the statue of liberty, a woman holding a torch and a book set on liberty island, is located at the entrance to____________.
the wedding of charles, prince of wales and lady diana spencer was held in the _____________.
to tip a barman or barmaid, it is customary to tell him to __________.
which sport is the most popular sport in america?
which of the following sports began in britain?
which of the following sports belong to the extreme sport?
the tower of london, officially her majesty’s royal palace and fortress of the tower of london, was used as a prison in the past.
beers are served in " halves " for a large glass and " pints " for a aller one.
the owner of a bar is called a landlord instead of a manager in the u.s..
rugby used to be only played by the rich upper classes, but now it is popular all over the country in the u.k..
the word ________ is short for public house.
the elizabeth tower, which is often referred to by the name of its main bell as ________, is an iconic landmark of london and the united kingdom.
during the middle age, schools in england were established to teach ___________ to the sons of the aristocracy.
education in great britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 and 15.
education in the united states is mainly provided by the public sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local.
which university is the oldest one in the u.s.?
all british universities are partially funded by central government grants.
some of the world’s most famous and powerful men today are graduates of yale, such as george w. bush and john kerry.
the american universities select applicants for their undergraduate programmes based mainly on the following criteria except ______:
the application fee is less for the u.s university than a u.k. university.
comparatively speaking, the u.s. education is more idealistic. they adopt liberal education that requires students to think independently and promote general education.
how many years does it usually take for a student to do a master degree in the u.s.?
how many years does it take for a student to do a bachelor degree in the u.k.?
the american universities usually select applicants for their graduate programmes mainly based on the following criteria except ______:
which university is the oldest one in the u.k.?
elementary and secondary educationin the us, the basis of public education, are compulsory and are ided into _____ grades.
when the british pupils finish their secondary education at the age of 16, they are required to take a national exam called ___________ .
which subjects must the british pupils study ?
which of the following universities are located in the us?
the american universities select applicants for their undergraduate programmes based mainly on the following criteria ______:
the are two parallel school systems in britain are_______ and ________.
the scoring system is much looser in the uk than in the u.s..
students need to buy insurance by themselves once enrolled in british universities and it is a compulsory requirement for every student.
in undergraduate study, it is more difficult to apply for scholarship in uk than in the us.
massachusetts institute of technology (mit) is a private research university located in cambridge, u.k..
geoffrey chaucer was an alumnus of oxford university.
there are two parallel school systems in britain for primary and secondary education.
theoretically, the prime minster of the u.k. is chosen by the ___________.
the term for the prime minster in the u.k. is _______ years.
which two parties are the current major parties in britain?
which of the followings is not a prime minster of the conservative party？
which document outlines the basic political structure of the nation and settles the fundamental principles of the u.s.?
today any citizen who is at least ______ years old can vote.
__________________ is designed to ide the governmental power horizontally, i.e. separating power among the executive, legislative and judicial branches in the government of each level.
the bicameral congress of the us is made up of the ____________ and the house of representatives.
the symbol of the democratic party is a/an _______________.
the republican party in america is considered ____________ or “conservative”
which day is the election day in the us?
ethos， ________ and pathos is the winning formula in campaign speeches.
to become a member of the two major parties in america, one needs to ______________.
if a bill is vetoed by the president, the congress can override the veto by_______________.
the current monarch and head of state of the u.k. is _________.
which two parties are the current major parties in britain?
the bicameral congress of the us is made up of the ____________ and the ____________.
which two parties are the current major parties in the u.s.?
the presidential election in us is a direct election.
there is no nationwide system of government-owned medical facilities open to the general public but there are local government-owned medical facilities open to the general public.
the american government consists of three parts, or branches: the ___________, the legislative and the judicial.
which of the following is not a political ision on the island of great britian?
the ancestors of the welsh were the ancient _______________.
by tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed by the sovereign in the uk as the ____________.
the allest state in the us is __________.
native americans refer to ______________.
at the time of cuban missile crisis, the president of the u.s. was truman.
the wars of roses were mainly a great contest for crown between the houses of york and lancaster.
traditionally, wasp represent mainstream america.
in britain the citizens aged ______ ( a number) or over have the right to vote.
the largest city in the us is ___________.
elementary and secondary education in the u.s. covers _____ years.
in the united states, education policies are made by __________.
the university of oxford and the university of cambridge are collectively known as ____________.
the united kingdom is traditionally a _____________ country.
a family doctor in britain is also known as a ________. a
in britain, service industries account for about two-thirds of its gross domestic product.
in the 18th century, the new england colonies specialized in producing tobacco from plantations.
in the united states, medicare provides virtually free treatment for all american citizens.
the basic unit of currency in britain is the __________.
the _______________, or nhs in short, is the publicly-funded healthcare systems of the united kingdom.
canada is composed of ____ provinces and ____ territories.
canada’s largest trading partner is __________.
which of the followings is not a major party in canada?
australia’s national day, australia day, is on __________.
australia ranks _____ in both gem or near-gem and industrial-grade diamond production.
there are more lakes and inland waters in canada than in any other country in the world.
in canada, victoria day commemorates the birthday of queen victoria.
australia is the only continent occupied by a single nation.
new zealand is made of two large islands: the north island and the ______________.
with regard to its size,australia is the _______ largest country in the world.
猜你喜欢：