english is an ytic language whereas chinese is a synthetic language.
english features hypotaxis whereas chinese features parataxis.
english is like a bamboo whose stems build upon one another, whereas chinese is like a tree whose branches are all intertwined.
english is more dynamic than chinese.
chinese tends to use more verbs than english.
chinese tends to use non-animate subjects.
english tends to use more passive voice than chinese.
generally speaking, english has long and complicated sentences while chinese has short and simple ones.
according to nida, translation means the equivalence in meaning between source language and receptor language.
the first stage of translation in the history of china is the translation of western literary works.
the dinner cost us five dollars a head. which is the most appropriate translation for the word "head" in this sentence?
these were all labeled as good eggs. which is the most appropriate translation for "good" in this sentence?
nasser was a good chess player. which is the most appropriate translation for "good" in this sentence?
which is the most appropraite translation for "to die a martyr"?
which is the most appropriate translation for "to give up the ghost"?
which is the most appropriate translation for "去极乐世界"?
which is the most appropriate translation for "he was lying on his back”？
let’s discuss the question under five heads. which is the most appropriate translation for "head" in this sentence?
which is the most appropriate translation for "a dear john letter"?
he has a weakness for oking. which is the most appropriate translation for "weakness" in this sentence?
the purpose of adding words in the process of translation is to add more meanings to the original sentence.
one type of addition--sementic completion--is out of the need of making the meaning complete or achieving rhetorical effect.
"it is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill." in this sentence, “health” can be translated into "健康之宝贵”.
"a timely treatment would have saved the child." this sentence can be translated into "由于得到了及时的治疗，那个孩子得救了。”
omission in content can only be applied to the translation of those unimportant or unnecessary words in the original sentence, for the purpose of improving the readability of translation.
"在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的错误。" this sentence can be translated into "we must avoid making unnecessary mistakes in our work."
"有生命就有希望。" this sentence can be translated into "there is life, there is hope."
"the skyscrapers are also lavish consumers and wasters of electric power." in this sentence, the words "consumer" and "waster" can be translated into "消费者” and “浪费者”.
english nouns are frequently converted into chinese verbs in translation.
"some of my ctes are very good singers." the word "singer" in this sentence can be translated into "歌手”.
"这件事你不用操心。"can be translated into "this you don’t need to worry about."
"我忽然闪过一个古怪的念头。"can be translated into "i suddenly dawned upon a singular notion."
"他们扛着锄头下地了。"can be translated into "they left for the field, shouldering hoes."
"the river is very wide. one cannot see the opposite bank." can be translated into "那条河很宽。一个人看不到对岸。"
"战士无所畏惧地奋勇向前。他的脚步很坚定。" can be translated into "fighters march forward fearlessly, with firm steps."
" solution to the problem was ultimately found. " can be translated into "问题的解决方法终于找到了。"
"he reminded me of what i should otherwise have forgotten. " can be translated into " 他提醒了我，要不然我就会把这事忘了。"
"the book is beyond the kowledge of a five-year-old child." can be translated into "这本书超出了五岁孩子的知识。"
"he has not a little experience in teaching." can be translated into "他只有一点儿教学经验。”
“请勿大声喧哗。”can be translated into "please don't make noise".
an idiom is a short sentence that people often quote, which gives advice or tells you something about life.
whenever the original idioms are related to certain social and cultural knowledge, literal translation cannot be used.
when there are idioms in the target language with the same meaning and similar images, it is the best option for us to borrow these idioms in translation.
when there are idioms in the target language with the same meaning yet different images, borrowing cannot be used.
when translating chinese idioms which are related to classical allusions that are unfamiliar to the target readers, we can use liberal translation to improve the readability for the target readers.
slang refers to informal language consisting of words and expressions that are not considered appropriate for formal occasions.
slangs can be ided into three main categories: 1. euphemi 2. swearword 3. idiom
"she is five months gone" is a euphemi for "she is dead for five months".
we can translate the sentence "what is the geography of the house?" into "这个房子在什么地理位置？”
when translating swearwords, we need to pay attention to the emotion and tone of the original and avoid literal translation.
然而在短促的过去的回顾中却有一盏明灯，照彻了我的灵魂的黑暗，使我的生存有一点光彩。这盏灯就是友情。（《朋友》） which rhetorical device is used in this example?
how soon hath time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year! which rhetorical device is used in this example?
a woman should some day write the complete philosophy of clothes. no matter how young, it is one of the things she wholly comprehends. which rhetorical device is used in this example?
a rhetorical device is a technique that an author or speaker uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning with the goal of persuading them towards considering a topic from a different perspective.
although similes and metaphors are similar, metaphors explicitly use connecting words while similes don’t.
onomatopoeia is a word that phonetically imitates, resembles or suggests the sound that it describes.
antonomasia is a kind of metonomy in which an epithet or phrase takes the place of a proper name.
___________is the related attribution of human form and characteristics to abstract concepts such as nations, emotions and natural forces like seasons and the weather.
_________ is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case, differs radically from what is actually the case.
a_______ is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.
"europe is alive and kicking" which rhetorical device is used in this news headline?
"soccer kicks off with violence" which rhetorical device is used in this news headline?
_________ are the short and dynamic expressions which are preferred by journalists for their rich meaning and concise wording.
________is the most common punctuation in headlines.
in english news headlines, function words such as articles, linking verbs, auxiliary verbs and conjunctions are often omitted.
three kinds of verb tenses are frequently used in english news headlines: present tense, future tense and present perfect tense.
passive voice is used more widely than active voice in english news headlines.
english news headlines are usually multi-deck, while chinese news headlines are often single-deck.
english headlines are usually a skeleton of the news, keeping only the most essential information, while chinese headlines tend to be a mini-story in capsule form.
原文：济公劫富济贫。 译文：jigong, robin hood in china, robbed the rich and helped the poor. which translation skill is used in the above example?
原文：九寨沟 译文：jiuzhaigou (nine stockades valley) which translation skill is used in the above example?
原文：老弱病残孕者专座 译文：priority seats/courtesy seats which translation skill is used in the above example?
原文：前方修路 译文：road work ahead which translation skill is used in the above example?
前方有学校 school ahead which type does the above public sign belong to?
chinese tourist texts are more flowery than english texts.
english tourist texts tend to integrate human emotions with scenic descriptions, while chinese texts are fact-based.
the quotations in chinese tourist texts are often maintained in english translations.
informatory public signs offer information of locations or provide services, etc., to the public.
cautionary public signs warn the public of important issues or dangers.
which of the following is not mentioned as a type of business english?
which is the correct translation for cod?
which of the following is the corresponding abbreviation for "进出口银行”？
which is the correct meaning of status quo?
which is the special technical meaning of the word collection?
business english is concerned with such economic affairs within or outside a country as international trade, international marketing, economics, finance, accounting, law, administration, and so on.
the two essential components of business english are english language and translation knowledge.
when translating synonyms or near-synonyms in business english, the translator always needs to convey the subtle differences between these synonymous words to ensure the exactness in meaning.
in general, business translation should stick to the principles of faithfulness, idiomaticness, and consistency.
the two main types of equivalence in business translation are equivalence in style and equivalence in meaning.
*we know eggsactly how to sell eggs. in this advertisement, the english word "eggsactly" is a(n) _____________.
the following monosyllable verbs are frequently used in english advertisements except__________.
*flowers by medfield speak from the heart. which rhetorical device is adopted in this advertisement?
*make your every hello a real good-buy. which rhetorical device is adopted in this advertisement?
*原文：ugly is only skin-deep. —大众汽车广告 译文：其貌不扬 which translation skill is adopted in this example?
advertising in broad sense includes profitable commercial advertising as well as non-profitable public interest advertising, proclamations and notices, etc.
the famous american marketing association defines advertising as “the personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media”.
in english advertising, more passive sentences are used instead of active ones.
imperative sentences, which extend requests or orders, are frequently used in advertisements.
literal translation is the most important and widely used skill in advertisement translation.
which of the following does not belong to esp?
the technical meaning of the word "film" is ______.
the word "conrod(连杆）" is formed by means of _______.
the word "sonar(声纳)" is formed by means of_________.
conditional clauses can be led by the following conjunctions except_______.
in a broad sense, est covers anything related to science and technology, both in written and spoken forms.
semi-technical words in est refer to words which can be used both in ordinary english and in est writings.
the principles for est translation can be summed up as clarity, correctness and conciseness.
although all petroleum is composed essentially of a number of hydrocarbons, they are present in varying proportions in each deposit and the properties of each deposit have to be evaluated. in this example, the word "deposit" can be translated into "矿床”.
to achieve coherence, the translator can make use of four-character phrases in est translation to make the translated texts more idiomatic.
the special meaning of the word "schedule" in legal english is __________.
the special meaning of the word "recital" in legal english is _________.
the meaning of the sentence pattern "subject to" is ___________.
the meaning of the sentence pattern "save for/that" is __________.
“合营企业的一切活动应遵守法律、法令和有关条例规定。” in this example,“遵守”can be translated into _______.
legal english is english used only in law.
"the concerned party shall inform each of the non-concerned parties in the notification provided for in article 6.1 hereof, that the proposed transfer referred to in said article may result in the exercise of the full tag-along right provided for in this article 7. " in this example, the word "said" is an archai, meaning "上述的”.
in fact, the word “shall” ranks first among the model verbs which appear in legal english in frequency.
"the execution and implementation of the agreement does not and will not result in a breach, termination or amendment of any term or condition of any other contract or deed to which such party is a party and that the agreement is not contrary to any term of any such contracts or deeds;" in this example, "breach, termination or amendment” should be translated into “违反、终止或修改”.
legal english is characterized by its high frequency of active sentences.
which of the following is the most appropriate translation of "了结尘缘"?
"he has not a little experience in teaching." the appropriate translation of this sentence should be____________.
which of the following is the appropriate translation of "a fly in the ointment"?
which of the following is the appropriate translation of "四面楚歌"?
"然而睁开眼睛，我只是一个人，四周就只有滴滴的雨声。" in this sentence, the word “滴滴”can be translated into ________.
which of the following is not a frequently used verb tense in english news headlines?
“slow lane is safest on currency issue” in this english news headline, which rhetorical device is adopted?
the word "dallymony" is formed by means of __________.
"严禁超车: overtaking prohibited" which category does this public sign belong to?
which of the following is not a syntactic feature of english advertising?
which of the following is not a feature of the chinese language in general?
which of the following is a feature of the english language in general?
which of the following is the most appropriate translation of "return to dust"?
which of the following is not a euphemi for pregnancy?
which of the following is not a euphemi for "going to the toilet"?
"how soon hath time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year!" which rhetorical device is used in this example?
which of the following is the onomatopoeia for the sound of wind?
"florida freeze to increase area produce prices" which tense is used in this news headline?
which of the following is not a lexical feature of english news?
which of the following is the correct translation of "status quo" in business english?
which of the following is not appropriate wording for business english?
which of the following verbs is not appropriate for advertisements?
which of the following is not a syntactic feature of english advertisements?
"soap dries your skin, but dove creams your skin while you wash." which rhetorical device is used in this advertisement?
english is an ytic language whereas chinese is a synthetic language.
english tends to employ more nouns, adjectives, prepositions, adverbs, etc., than chinese, while chinese tends to use more verbs than english.
liberal translation gives up or changes the original image or vehicle, and/or breaks through the word order, or the structure of the language in the original text and reorganizes the language so that the essence or deep meaning of the source language is expressed in the target language.
semantic completion is to add words out of the need of syntactic structure in translation.
"在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的错误。" this sentence can be translated into "we must avoid making unnecessary mistakes in our work."
a buzzword is a word or expression that has become fashionable in a particular field and is being used a lot by the media.
english is inclined to use more syntactic passive and less notional passive.
an idiom is a short sentence that people often quote, which gives advice or tells you something about life.
although similes and metaphors are similar, similes explicitly use connecting words while metaphors don’t.
personification is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case, differs radically from what is actually the case.
nonce words are the short and dynamic expressions which are preferred by journalists for their rich meaning and concise wording.
chinese tourist texts tend to integrate human emotions with scenic descriptions, while english texts are fact-based, separating humans with the objective world.
the quotations in chinese tourist texts are often omitted when translated into english.
in business english several synonyms or near-synonyms are often used together to make the meaning complete and unambiguous.
est has a distinctive impersonal style due to its frequent use of active voice.
the word "infomercial" is formed by the blending of the two words "information commercial", meaning “专题广告片“.
english tourist texts feature rhythmical prose style with paralleli and ornateness, while chinese texts are characterized by simple sentence structure, concise diction, and direct description.
"实行三包" should be translated literally into "three guarantees".
since hypotheses are often put forward in scientific writings, conditional clauses are in wide use in est.
similar to business english, a large number of synonyms or near-synonyms are used in legal english.
the translation of legal texts should be succinct and avoid redundant expressions.
the preference of english for nominalization can be easily observed in legal texts.
est refers to scientific english for experts and professionals only.
the principles for est translation can be summed up as clarity, coherence and conciseness.