what is the major route to success in traditional confucius value?
which language adapted to accommodate greek philosophizing?
which one is not true about the bologna university?
which one is wrong about chinese and western languages?
which one is not the traditional commonality between china and the west?
what are included in the athens model below?
what do you know about the medieval debates in european universities?
which aspects are true about the chinese modern learning?
in the west, the young children are typically brought up by their grandparents.
spartan in modern english means stripped down, bare, physically challenging.
as for the western thinking, the best argument “wins” based on evidence and credibility.
“an unexamined life is not worth living” implies ongoing critical ysis
accuracy or precision is much more valued by western teachers than chinese teachers.
learning basically means ___________________.
athens is the place of “higher education” which is featured by__________.
______________________ points to excellent leadership.
in the traditional kongzi values, the first thing that one learns is “______________________”
in chinese tradition training, learning as training (e.g., memorization) intimately connected with _________.
which one is not the commonality between traditional chinese and western families?
which one is wrong about adam and eve?
which one is wrong about traditional judeo-christian view of family?
what will not happen in ban zhao’s married life?
what might not happen in the modern western families?
what’s true about the traditional rationales for patriarchal families of confucian philosophy?
what’s the feature of chinese centrality of xiao?
what are the results of temptation?
what causes western orces?
in the roman paterfamilias, father of the family had absolute authority of life and death over wife, children and slaves.
in the west, modernity began during the renaissance, about 14th century. in china, however, modernity began with the declining of qing dynasty in late 19th century.
modernity is a simple process which develops forward in a linear way.
gender equality has been achieved completely now in china.
a typical modern chinese family is child-centered.
chinese families and western families all belong to______________ families.
the first & crucial act of western civilization is man’s________________.
modernity gains momentum through _________________________.
with respect to the marriage and orce, the chinese way of living stresses constraints and the west stresses ________________.
the consequence of western value placed on inidual choices about the birth rate is ________________.
whose story shows a matrilineal society spoiled by the yellow emperor’s wars?
who believes that god created everything from nothing?
in the western creation stories, the dominance is assigned to _________
what kind of capitali is it about its voyages of discovery of america?
which one is not the central property of capitali?
which one reflects the view of “world as resource”?
what are the similarities between traditional western and chinese views of the world?
what are three chinese levels of misfortune from the view of natural course of things?
what are the laws of ecology ?
what do you know about daoi?
in china, “nature” not a word in traditional mandarin until imported c. 1900 from japan.
western thinking easily perceives how activity of one part affects another.
provision is not necessarily made for waste and it is not a productive part of the whole.
clean water, land, air are free so we can use them maximally to pursue profits.
dao compared to the judeo-christian god, both are associated with an emptiness prior to heaven and earth and then an unending presence in relation to life.
the relations of ________________ remain central in the west.
the first law affirms that “nature” is an ________________ whole, of which we are only a part.
capitali is an economic system based on private ownership of ________________ and their operation for profit.
according to adam smith, gold & silver merely _____________ to be bought and sold.
god is metaphysical [not part of the material world] yet _____________.
what is basic to existence in traditional chinese thinking?
what does the emphasis on muscles usually represent in the western painting?
which is not true about western thinking of body and soul?
which one is not true about the traditional chinese medicine?
in chinese thinking, immortality cannot be realized through _______________
what’s true about plato’s view of soul and health?
what do you know about traditional chinese medicine?
what do you know about chinese heart-mind?
what’s true about traditional view of selfhood?
what’s true about shaping one’s life in china and the west?
the ancient chinese believe that the world is made up of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water.
chinese traditionally sees bodies in dualistic terms, whereas westerners traditionally hold holistic conceptions.
there is no body and mind dichotomy in traditional chinese thinking.
for ordinary chinese people, longevity is more of a goal than immortality.
in the west, identity is assumed as stable essence whereas selfhood is constructed through others in china.
hippocrates draws on the____________________ system to disengage epilepsy from religion.
in the western thinking, body and surroundings are distinctively separated, reflecting the _______________.
chinese selves are less egocentric but more ______________.
in the traditional chinese thinking, the prevailing confucian ethics emphasize______________ over inidual rights.
according to rene descartes, ego as an identifiable object may be made or fashioned through one’s ______________.
what is not true about the ultimate values in china?
which one is not the method in the chinese ination?
which one is wrong about dao?
which is wrong about synchronicity?
which is not true about western mentalities?
what do you know about laws for living in the traditional west?
what are the basic premises of chinese living?
what do you know about causation?
what do you know about modern ination in the west?
ideas expressed by yijing are different from the linear worldview of progress in the west.
in china, guidelines for life are an intellectual dilemma instead of a problem of strategy.
the chinese way is more straightforward, emphasizing ysis and thus is excluding. western way is much of a web, emphasizing synthesis and thus is more including.
events were presumed to be ordained by god so one sought to understand the “will of god”.
__________________means what we can or at least try to control.
in the ancient west, behind the rule of law are higher laws as authorized by________.
dao cannot be named, but can only be intuited as it rebuffs language and ________.
with regard to modern ination in the west, risk assesent through ______________.
the cultural distance between the west and china seems at times to diminish, but there still seems to be a lack of __________________.
____ go downtown this afternoon, please post the letter for me.
you didn't let me drive, if we ___ in turn, you ___ so tired.
if it___ for the snow, we___ the mountain yesterday.
if he ___ his doctor's advice, he ___ alive.
the new airport __if they had not stopped working on it.
if you__ in good health, i _you go on a trip yesterday.
i lost your address, otherwise i ___ you long before.
the guard at the gate insisted that everybody ___ the rules.
the boss insisted taht john__ unfit for the work.
the officer commanded (ordered ) the damaged brige__ before dawn.
he proposed __ that the woulded __ to the hospital as soon as possible.
he came home with a ile on his face, which suggested that he__ work.
most of the members requested that the meeting___ till after friday.
i wish i __ how to translate this sentence.
--has fangfang been to new york? --no, but she wishes she__.
i wish i __ the tv program last night.
the two strangers talked as if they___ friends for years.
when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it____.
look at the clouds, it looks as if it __rain.
he was very busy yesterday, otherwise he __ to the meeting.
the doctor urged that she ___ an operation as early as possible.
without your enouragedment and support, we___.
i think it is high time the children___ to school.
given more time and money, he __ better taht what it is.
the same thing, happening in war time, ___ great disaster.
organis regulate their movement __position in response to environmental stimuli.
protein digestion begins in the stomach ___ends in the all intestine.
my grandpa gave me a watch , which is made of gold , ___ i keep to this today.
five minutes earlier, ____ we could have caught the last train.
talk to anyone in the drug industry , __ you will soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.
under no circumstances must a child be coaxed ___forced to eat.
i think i was at school, ___ i was staying with a friend during the vacation when i heard the news
prof. ward hardly ever went to ___the theater.
dress warmly, ___you’ll catch cold.
until the ninth century , written words were not separated , ____ in some literary writing, dots or points were used to indicate isions.
sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by “drugs” that aren’t really drugs at all ___sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.
great salt lake is fed by fresh-water streams , ___ is about four to five times as salty as the ocean.
many all birds use new sites for each nesting, ___ large birds often reuse the same nest.
the earth attracts bodies toward its center, ___all bodies fall in a direct line toward that point.
she has her weaknesses, ___ that doesn’t mean she is not qualified for the job.
he isn’t really ill; he’s only ________. display obsessed intent buoyant palpable forecasted pretending frosty weenie fake tedious jolly be coerced aftereffect crusty
abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 8. engineers are forever seeking more _________ methods of solving problems.
i always shop at that supermarket; its prices are very ___ . ltered address execute available essential convey digital competitive expansion editorial appeal strategy integrity influence survival
most authorities agree that playing is a very__ part of a child's development.
the company has abandoned plans for further__. ltered address execute available essential convey digital competitive expansion editorial appeal strategy integrity influence survival
he was praised for his fairness and high __. ltered address execute available essential convey digital competitive expansion editorial appeal strategy integrity influence survival
approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle this is a ______ place — fresh air and plenty of sunshine!
approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle all the staff in the company seemed to look ___ and the atmosphere was not at all pleasant.
下面各项,通过生命表无法获得的是 。
据lotka-volterra种间竞争模型,两个相互竞争的种群出现稳定共存的条件是 。
运用逻辑斯谛增长模型,渔、牧业领域可收获的最大持续产量是rk/2。
k-选择者较r-选择者一般寿命长,个体大。
下面不属于生态因子发挥作用一般特征的是 。
下图绘出了5种鱼的耐盐范围和耐温范围。在这5种鱼中哪一种是北极海的特有种,哪一种只生活在热带湖泊中,哪一种的分布最广泛? 。
春天繁殖的动物是长日照动物。
常温动物的体温是固定不变的。
生物对气候环境因子的耐受范围决定其分布范围。
请搜集园林设计中常用的耐阴植物分别从乔木、灌木和草本三种生活型各给出3-5种植物。
请阐述“植物私生活”视频中植物与光因子之间关系的现象2-3例;
下面可用来判定小兽是否适应缺水生境的最明显性状是 。
影响冬小麦春化作用的主导因子是 。
下面属于淡水硬骨鱼渗透压调节特征的是 。
东北虎体型比华南虎大符合阿伦规律。
外温动物与植物完成某一阶段的发育,需要一定的总热量。
下面种间关系中属于专性互利共生的是 。
yoda氏-3/2自疏法则描述的规律发生在 。
粘液瘤病毒引进澳大利亚几年后毒力逐渐减弱,原因是 。
适度放牧可提高草原的生物量。
竞争释放指的是缺乏竞争者时物种扩张其实际生态位的现象。
下列关于生物群落的叙述正确的是 。
在地区尺度上物种组成沿着某个梯度方向从一个群落到另一个群落的变化率称为:
物种多样性指数的高低取决于 。
组成群落的种类越丰富,用于计算群落物种数目的最小面积就越小。
物种多样性指的是物种数目的丰富度。
在植物群落的发展变化过程中,一个群落由另一个群落取代的过程叫 。
生物多样性不包括下列哪一项 。
中等强度的干扰有利于高生物多样性的维持。
植物群落的形成,可以从裸地上开始,也可以从已有的另一个群落中开始。
演替顶极指每一个演替系列都由先锋阶段开始,经过不同的演替阶段,到达中生状态的最终演替阶段。
生态系统中连接有机物质和无机环境的两个重要环节是 。
在下图四个数量金字塔中,哪一个与植物→蚜虫→食蚜瓢虫的食物链相符合?
n 1营养级所获得的能量占n营养级获得能量之比称为 。
相比中度干扰,较大程度的干扰往往导致生态系统具有更高的物种多样性。
在生态系统中,食物链是能量流动的渠道。
下列哪项属于非地带性植被 。
藤本植物和附生植物在下列哪种群落中最常见 。
一般来说,大陆型的植被垂直带谱,每一个带所处的海拔高度,比海洋型同一带的高度要高。
植被分布的纬向地带性主要是由水分为主导因素的不同而形成的。
生态系统是由生产者、消费者和无机环境构成的。
本课程只讲语音理论不讲发音实践。
本课程会侧重单词、词组、句内的发音规则、连读规则、变音规则、重读规则和实际发音操作。
英语dj音标一般有44个或48个音素(音标),四个差额音素是/tr, dr, ts, dz/。
在单词little和nun中,单词首部和尾部的两个/l/和连个/n/其实有发音差别,但标记音标时不加以区分,采用的就是宽式音标体系(broad transcription)。
在单词mother和father中,字母o和a的发音区别是:
字母组合-oo-的发音,错误的(wrong)表述是:
/i或i/和/e/都是微笑元音。
元音/e/和/æ/的双排齿开度,都能容下两根手指的宽度。
汉语拼音中,韵母都是英语的元音。
/f,v/构成一对清辅浊音,发音时,/f/和汉语的f完全相同。
/θ, ð/是一对舌齿音。
单词尾部的发音/-tl/中,/-l/不再是清晰的舌边音,与词首的/l-/发音区别较大。
就/r/的发音而言,英汉语区别较大:/r/(英)大致相当于r(汉) /u/。
英语/z/的发音可以等同于汉语拼音的z。
一个双元音构成几个音节?
发音流畅的三元音,需要做怎样的处理?
下面哪个单词发音不是 /εә/(=/eә/)?
单词eye的读音和汉字“爱”的读音完全相同。
如果听到/'flauwә/,可以理解成flower或者flour。
/әu/和“怄”读音不完全相同。
微型计算机系统主要由( )组成。
i/o接口是( )。
在计算机系统中,外部设备必须通过( )才能实现与主机的信息交换。
计算机的核心是cpu,它包含了计算机的运算器和()。
现代计算机中的总线采用( )。
计算11011001b∨10010110b=( )b。
带有奇偶校验的ascii码是( )作为校验位
已知x= - 29h,y= 33h,则[x y]补=( )。
判断符号数加减运算结果是否溢出的条件是( )。
10010110.1001b =( )bcd。
已知x=-1110111b,y= 1011010b,如果用8位二进制数表示,则[x y]补=( )。
对于8位二进制数而言,[-128]补=[-128]反 1
一个n位二进制数可以表示(2^n)-1种不同的状态。
已知a=10101111,b=01010000,则a⊕b的结果为( )b。
如果用4个字来描述冯•诺依曼计算机的基本原理,则可以描述为( )原理。
253.25=( )b.
什么是微型计算机系统?什么是微信计算机?什么是微处理器?
8088cpu中,以下哪一个部件不属于eu部分( )
指令流水线是指( ).
8088cpu中,以下哪一个部件不属于biu部分( )
以下哪一个特征不属于8086/8088cpu最小工作模式的特点( )
标志位sf表示( ).
以下哪一个不属于控制标志位( ).
总线的基本功能是( ).
8088cpu能够实现指令的并行执行,主要是因为( )
在8088/8086系统中,程序代码被存放在( ).
8086发现ready引脚变为0时,它将在当前总线周期中插入( )周期。
8088/8086cpu的内部,按功能又分为eu和biu两部分,其中,( )部分负责取指令及存取操作数。
若已知ds=8402h,则当前数据段最后一个单元的地址是( )h.
若已知存储单元的逻辑地址为1eb0h:2300h,其对应的物理地址是( )h.
单选选择,请把选项写在答题栏中:
1010 0110 b=__________________h 1011 0100b=__________________h 8f h= __________________b 6d h= __________________b
若寄存器ax、bx、cx、dx的内容分别为30,31,32,33,依次执行下列指令: push ax push bx pop cx pop dx 以上4条指令执行完后,寄存器cx的内容为 ( )。
堆栈是( )。
设ds=1300h,ss=1400h,bp=1500h,si=0100h。则指令“mov ax, [bp si-200h]”的源操作数的物理地址为( )。
以下指令格式正确的是( )。
把首地址为block的字数组的第6个字送到ax寄存器的指令段是( )。
设ds=3000h,es=2000h,ss=1000h,bp=0060h,si=0600h,table=60h。 指令“mov ax,table[si][bp]”的源操作数的物理地址为( ).
设当前栈顶指针sp=2000h,bp=1ffeh,ax=8a4bh,bx=3034h,执行以下命令后,sp、bp、ax和bx分别为( ) push ax mov ax,[bp] pop bx
指令mov dx,ds:[ax] 执行的结果是将数据段一个字单元的内容送给dx。
判断指令in ax,115h的正确性.
判断指令mov ax,[bp][di]的正确性
在计算机中,一条指令的执行过程包括取指令、( )、取操作数、执行指令和保存结果等五个步骤。
数据段中28a0h单元的符号地址为var,若该单元中内容为8c00h,则执行指令:lea ax,var后,ax的内容为( )h。
指令mov ax,5[bx si]中,源操作数的寻址方式为( )。
1.逻辑地址3a00h:12fbh对应的物理地址是什么?
2.请说明下列指令源操作数的寻址方式。 (1)mov ax, bx (2)mov dl , 80h (3)mov dx ,[bp] (4)mov ax ,[3102h]
执行以下两条指令后,标志寄存器flags的六个状态位cf,of,af,sf,pf,zf各为( )。 mov ax,84a0h add ax,9460h
乘法和除法指令的结果可以存放在( )寄存器中。
若al内容为04h,则test al,7ah执行后,al中的内容为( )。
设bx中有一个16位带符号数。若要将bx中的内容除2,则以下正确的指令是( )。
设table为内存数据段0032h单元的符号名,该字单元存放的内容为1234h,则执行以下指令后,寄存器ax和bx的内容分别为( ). mov ax, table lea bx, table
inc和dec指令影响of、sf、zf和cf标志。 ( )
若al的内容为c3h,则执行指令sar al,1后,al的内容为e1h。( )
要将al寄存器的最高位(bit7)置为1,同时保持其他位不变,应使用( )指令。
下列程序执行后,bx中的内容是( )h。 mov cl,3 mov bx,0b7h rol bx,1 ror bx,cl
已知:ax=0fe66h,cf=1,执行下列指令后,cf=( ). mov cl,3 mov bx,0b7h rol bx,1 ror bx,cl
8086执行jne next指令后,没有发生转移,而是直接执行了下一条指令。根据这个事实可知,执行jne next指令时,( )。
已知ds=2000h,bx=100h,[20100h]=10h,[20101h]=20h,[20102h]=30h,[20103h]=40h。则jmp word ptr[bx 2]所转移到的偏移地址是( )。
一个外部中断,其中断类型号为0bh,中断服务程序的入口地址为2000h:3000h,堆栈的栈顶地址为4000h:0100h。程序在1000h:2000h mov ax,bx(2字节指令)处被中断,则0:2ch开始的连续4字节中的内容为:
cli指令将if标志清零,从而禁止了8088的( )引脚上的中断请求。
8086/8088条件转移指令既可实现段内转移,也可实现段间转移。( )
jz指令会同时测试c标志和z标志,并根据测试结果转移与否。
以下两条指令的结果是:当无符号数al>bl时转移到标号为cont的指令。( ) sub al, bl jc cont
从中断服务子程序返回时应使用( )指令。
设sp=3b00h,程序在ip=1200h处执行一条2字节长的int 36h指令,该中断服务程序的入口地址存放在内存偏移地址为( )h 的4个字节单元中。
设sp=0200h,执行完call dword ptr[bx]指令后,sp=( )h。
编写程序,实现如下功能: (1) 将内存字节单元m1中的内容送到累加器al; (2) 将al中的内容左移两位; (3) 将al中的内容与字节单元m2中的内容相乘; (4)乘积存入字单元ds:0014h中。
编写程序,统计buffer为起始地址的连续200个字单元中0的个数,并统计结果存放在zero单元中。
( )指令会自动修改cx寄存器的值。
要实现在内存中数据段中查找有无’k’,应使用( )指令。
所有串操作指令的前边都必须加前缀。( )
串操作指令要求串长度值必须由cx或cl指定。( )
串传送指令要求目标串必须在附件段。( )
若希望串操作指令自动将地址指针减量,则事先应把( )标志位设置为1。
定义字符串变量str1和str2如下,其中,变量str1的偏移地址=0。 str1 db ‘hello,everybody!’ str2 db ‘hello, everyone!’ 则执行以下程序段后,si=( )h lea si,str1 lea di,str2 mov cx,16 cld repe cmpsb jz stop dec si mov bx,si mov al,[si] stop:hlt
以下可以正确通过汇编的指令是( )
var的定义为:var dw 8a2fh,现要将var的低字节取入al寄存器,正确的语句是( )
使用系统功能调用的1号功能从键盘输入数据时,若在键盘上按了按键9,则1号功能返回的二进制编码为( )
已知某数据段定义如下( ) mydata segment d1 db 5 dup(0) d2 dw 2 dup(42h) d3 db ‘hello!‘ d4 equ 100 d5 dd 1234h d6 db ? mydata ends 则变量d6的偏移地址是( )。
在汇编语言源程序中,用于指示汇编程序如何汇编的指令是( )。
数据定义语句“var dw 100 dup(?)”定义了一个大小为200个字节的存储区。
假设var1为字变量,则指令sub al,var1无错误。
伪指令是由汇编程序执行的指令,不是由cpu执行的指令。
当定义含有多个字符的字符串时,可以使用 db、dw 、dd等各类数据定义伪指令。
执行下列指令后,ax寄存器中的内容是( )h。 table dw 10,20,30,40,50 entry dw 3 ┇ mov bx,offset table add bx,entry mov ax,[bx]
采用查询方式进行i/o数据传送的优点是( )。
一个外部中断,其中断类型号为0bh,中断服务程序的入口地址为2000h:3000h,堆栈的栈顶地址为4000h:0100h。cpu在执行1000h:2000h处的一条2字节指令时产生了该外部中断。则内存中0:2ch开始的连续4字节中的内容为:
某应用系统具有6个电子开关,要读入这6个开关的状态,可以使用( )作为开关的接口。
如果要控制的外部设备是发光二极管,应选用的最佳输入输出控制方式是( )。
8086的软件中断指的是( )。
三态缓冲器可以用作简单的输出接口。
8086系统的中断向量表位于内存地址0开始的区域中,共有256个表项,每个表项为4个字节,其中高地址的2个字节和低地址的2个字节的内容分别为中断服务程序入口段地址和偏移地址。
cpu响应nmi和intr中断请求时,需要从数据总线上读取相应的中断类型码。
8086系统的i/o编址方式采用的是i/o独立编址。
8086 cpu最多能管理( )个端口。
当计算机断电后,所存信息全部消失的存储器是( )。
若用512kx8的dram芯片组成64mb内存,则需要至少( )片这样的芯片。
在cpu和主存之间增设高速缓存(cache)的主要目的是( )。
对存储器访问时,地址和数据的时间关系是( )。
按存取速度从高到低排列,以下排列顺序正确的是( )。
用16k×4的sram构成64kb的存储器,共需要8片。
因为eprom属于只读存储器,所以正常工作时无法对它进行写操作。
全地址译码方式指的是全部地址线都要连接到地址译码器。
flash存储器掉电后存储的内容会丢失。
半导体存储器可分为两大类:ram和rom,可以实现在线读写的rom是( )。
1.已知8255的i/o地址为60h~63h。某微机执行了下述两条有关8255的指令,则这两条指令完成的操作是( )。 mov al,10001001b out 63h,al
在8253的6种工作方式中,既可以软件启动也可以硬件启动的工作方式是( )。
已知8255的i/o地址为60h~63h。某微机执行了下述两条有关8255的指令,则这两条指令完成的操作是( )。 mov al,10001001b out 63h,al
若8253的通道0和通道1以级连方式工作,两个通道都设置为方式3,从clk0输入的时钟频率为1mhz,out0接到clk1。若要使out1端输出的波形频率为1hz,则通道0和通道1的计数初值分别为( )。
当8255的端口a、端口b均工作在方式1的输入方式时,端口c可以作为( )用。
若使一个8253的计数通道输出方波周期为最大,则输入初值为0ffffh。()
使用8255作为i/o接口时,只能采用查询方式工作。()
若要将某8255的pc4复位,其按位操作控制字是01011001
8255的控制器端口地址为63h,将pc1置位的初始化程序段为: mov al,03h out 63h,al
设8255的地址范围为:0380h~0383h,以下指令执行后将使pc0初始状态置0。() mov dx, 0383h mov al, 81h out dx, al
谈判是参与各方出于某种需要,在一定时空条件下,采取协调行为的过程。
谈判双方力量、人格、地位等的相对独立和对等,是谈判行为存在和发生的必要条件。
明智的谈判需要协调立场,而非利益。
按谈判的态度与方法,谈判分为:
商务谈判的基本程序一般包括
在货物买卖谈判中,正式谈判阶段一般要经历报价,讨价还价和成交三个环节。
非零和博弈谈判又称为对立型谈判。
交易内容对一方越重要,说明该方的需求程度越高,其主动权就越差,因此谈判实力就越弱
主场谈判占尽了天时、地利、人和的优势,有助于向对方展开攻势,提高谈判的成功率。
商务谈判内容其实是比较灵活的,关键是其格式。
文献法是用于收集第一手资料的方法。
下列关于商务谈判最优选项是
商务谈判的四种目标之间的关系是
模拟谈判一般发生在国际商务谈判基本程序中的
以下哪种模拟谈判方法的最大缺陷在于它仍是谈判人员的在于它仍是谈判人员的主观产物
谈判中可能会需要下列哪些人才
模拟商务谈判要完成如下几个主要任务:
谈判之前有关谈判对手相关资料的收集工作必不可少,特定资料的收集包括
谈判可以在友好的氛围中开场,也可以在针锋相对下开场。
商务谈判谈正题,需要
多边谈判的座次排列,可分为两种主要形式
多边谈判的主体可以是双方,也可以是多方
多边谈判的结果一旦形成并签署协议,是固定的,不可变的
询价的方式可以有哪些
询价时要向对方详细表达自己的需求,以免表述不清。
价格解释必须遵循的原则
讨价还价的方法有举证法、求疵法、假设法、声讨法、沉默法。
有经验的谈判者,在发现对方的疵点后引经据典,列举旁证来降低对方的期望值,要求对方
举证法所列事实可以是市场的行情竞争者的价格、对方的成本、过去的交易惯例、产品的质量与性能、研究成果公认的结论等等,总之是有说服力的证据。
以假设更优惠条件的口吻来向对方讨价,这种方法往往可以摸清对方可以承受的大致底价,且必须履行假设的条件。
实施要点表是将还价中要提出的问题;按提出问题的先后顺序进行排列而成的表。提问表是将还价过程中需要注意区分的要点,按对方是否可以让步的内容设置排列的表格。
谈判过程的主体阶段是
终局的阶段有哪些
报价阶段的策略主要体现在
谈判的过程就是解决双方异议的过程。
谈判过程出现异议是对整个有谈判过程的阻碍。
处理意义的步骤
解决异议的一般方法
转折法通过间接的途径答复对方的问题,避免因直接回答而使对方产生抵触情绪,便于对方接受,是非常实用的一种异议处理方法。
关系型谈判者可以向对方施加压力,丝毫不做出让步。
原则性谈判选手的一般表现
权力型谈判者追求己方利益的最大化.为此他们在谈判中往往以自我为中心,追求自己在谈判中的地位与权力,不断给对手施加压力,迫使对手作出让步。
下列属于谈判中常见压力的有
谈判僵局是指在商务谈判过程中,当双方对所谈问题的利益要求差距较大,各方又都不肯做出让步,导致双方因暂时不可调和的矛盾而形成的对峙,而使谈判呈现出一种不进不退的僵持局面。
谈判僵局产生的原因
谈判让步,指以妥协为手段,希望避免冲突,为此随时准备以牺牲己方利益换取协商一致,达成合作的谈判方法,是“硬式谈判”的对称。
谈判让步的原则有哪些
在给谈判对方的让步中,下列哪项是不正确的
当谈判双方的谈判人员等级有差别时,能够选择的较好的策略是
运用时间已成为谈判策略的重要组成部分,是谋取谈判主动权的重要途径。
谈判时间策略有哪些?
拖延策略在什么时候都可以拖延,需要把谈判的对方拖到没有耐心。
商务谈判是一场心理战,也可以说是一场信息战。
从信息传递的渠道来看,哪些效果更好?
满意感的实施主要做好礼遇、理解和耐心三个方面工作。
满意感实际上是一种“润滑”策略,往往适用于谈判实力较强的一方。
借恻隐是指通过一种装扮可怜相、为难状,唤起对方的同情心,从而达成阻止对方进攻的一种做法。
战术是“强与力”的体现,是胆略的较量,具有很大的冲击力,对谈判者的要求较高。
战术与“三十六计”中的“无中生有”类似。
在商务谈判中的时间战术有哪些?
疲劳战运用的关键在于营造“疲劳”要自然合理,避免被对方识破,忌把自己也搞“疲劳”。
声东击西真正的目的是“声东”。
激将法运用的关键是要选择好“激点”。
眼镜师采用了投石问路的方法,通过观察、判断顾客的反应,达到了自己的目的。
磨时间既是“时限”的游戏,又是“耐性”的考验。
文化差异解决的策略有
商务人员握手要领有
在国际商务谈判以及合同后期过程中,会出现两类重要的冲突类型
为避免和减少冲突国际商谈判代表可以采取的其他自救措施,包括
解决国际贸易争端的措施有
猜你喜欢: