the closer the reading distance, the higher the probability of myopia.
the following methods that are not objective refraction are( )
visual acuity decreasing is myopia
where is the external parallel light focused after passing through the myopic eye?
for people who read more than 2 hours at close range, the probability of myopia will increase ( ) times.
factors affecting myopia include( )
if parents are myopic, the probability of a child ’s myopia increases ( ) times.
the main testing items to determine whether or not myopia and verify the progress of myopia is/are ( )
children and adolescents should be reviewed every ( )
people with poor best corrected visual acuity should be reviewed ( )
which of the following is/are (a) fundus lesion of pathological myopia?
precautions for myopia include( )
the higher the degree of myopia, the bigger the blurred spots of parallel rays focused on the retina.
myopia will definitely cause fundus lesions.
people who inherit susceptibility genes will definitely be myopic.
reading posture has nothing to do with the occurrence of myopia.
the longer a child ’s weekly outdoor activities, the lower the risk of myopia.
vision loss is not necessarily myopia.
corneal curvature is an important indicator for predicting whether and how long myopia will occur in children.
the result of mydriatic optometry is the final prescription.
which of the following is not a method for correcting myopia?
which of the following is not a basic parameter for contact lens fitting?
spectacle lenses and contact lenses are optical lenses.
orthokeratology is a ( ) method to reduce myopia.
which of the following is not corneal refractive surgery?
refractive surgery can not fundamentally eliminate myopia.
which of the following is not spectacles?
in the lens selection, which one is first recommended ( )
myopic lens is ( )
soft lens evaluation includes ( )
which of the following is not an indication for contact lenses?
compared with the spectacles, the visual field of wearing a contact lens is ( )
the name of corneal shaping lens is( )
the orthokeratology flattens the cornea, changing the（ ）of light entering the eye and focusing the light on the retina.
myopia patients with myopia below ( ) diopters have the best effect of myopia correction with orthokeratology.
which of the following is a routine examination before refractive surgery ()
which of the following situations can be considered for refractive surgery?
what is the characteristic of lasek surgery?
spectacle prescription includes ( )
when is the follow-up time after wearing ok?
refractive surgery includes ( )
the result of auto refraction can be used directly as prescription for optician.
it is recommended to fully correct according to the results of refraction.
compared with undercorrection, full correction has slower progress of myopia.
the prescription of the spectacle and contact lens of the same patient is the same.
contact lenses belong to class-iii medical devices of medical devices in medicine.
orthokeratology can temporarily prevent myopia and improve uncorrected visual acuity, and it can effectively control the growth of myopia in children and adolescents.
the effect of orthokeratology in reducing myopia is temporary.
orthokeratology is suitable for all myopia prevention and control population.
the optical principle of refractive surgery is refractive correction.
refractive surgery is suitable for all myopia prevention and control population.
the myopia diopter exceeding ( ) d is called high myopia
which of the following belongs to the group who are prone to progress myopia?
progressive myopia refers to an increase in myopia greater than ( ) degrees per year
children spend at least ( ) hours outdoors each day can reduce the occurrence of myopia
which of the following is not a risk factor for the myopia development ?
parental myopia makes the probability of myopia in children increase by more than ( ) times.
risk factor of myopia is ( )
the average outdoor lighting is about () times that of ordinary indoor lighting.
( ) is the source power of myopia prevention and control
the following can inhibit the occurrence and development of myopia is ( )
the characteristics of pathological myopia are( )
the following can induce the occurrence of myopia are ( )
myopia is reversible.
in children and adolescents, the earlier myopia happens,the faster the myopia progression.
the higher the concentration of atropine, the better the effect on controlling myopia, but the greater the side effects.
outdoor activities are a protective factor for myopia.
dopamine synthesis and decomposition are affected by light.
myopia is a typical disease which is easily affected by environmental factors.the implementation of the reduction of schoolwork burden is closely related to its development.
myopia is a disease.
the government's macro-control is the decisive factor of myopia prevention and control.
which is myopia screening' mode?
which one we can't see during myopia screening?
combined the result, professional staffs will have professional guide on students.
which one is excluded in terminal for the census data tranission?
myopia prevention and control's content includes( )
during myopia screening, we usually make judgment by ( )
we can not get ( ) using auto-refractor.
popular science propaganda before examination includes( )
professional staffs scan ( ) to identify kids.
which one is excluded in a summary report of myopia to middle and primary school?
we record results of va by ( ) during myopia screening.
standard process of myopia screening includes ( )
myopia screening is visual inspection and initial diagnosis for all children and youths in a region and get total prevalence rate and inidual visual condition,then form archives of eye health.
universal standard of visual chart in our country is national standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.
we need to type in results by manual work during myopia screening.
personal data collection is a collaborative research with education department.
myopia screnning in school is inefficient because less staffs and more subjects.
results will be recorded into information system using network tranission.
we have paper printer and artificial input data during myopia screening.
integrated information system is excluded in procedure of myopia screening.
children with more degree of hypermetropia is easier to be amblyopia.
doctors should adjust working distance during retinoscopy refraction.
the meaning of mpmva is ( )
the aim of fogging is ( )
baby at six months old is about ( )d
refractive diopter is about 0 when they are ( ) years old.
in a view of refractive status, less degree of hypermetropia is easier to get ( )
if we find the reflected light in pupil will move against the light on face,we should place ( ) lens in front of the examined eye
we should use ( ) when have right eye's examination during retinoscopy refraction.
we need to fog to ( ) when monocular mpvma
which is the rank of red, yellow, and green light in the position of the retinal image (front to back)?
during binocular balance you need to fog the va to ( )
children' own physiological characteristics including( )
preparation of subjective refraction including ( )
the aim to the examination is to get refractive status and best corrected visual acuity.
children' refraction examination is the same as s'.
subjects should stare at optotypes when retinoscopy refraction.
working distance is changeable during retinoscopy refraction.
we can't see the skew phenomenon means when the light of retinoscope is parallel to the principal meridian of astigmati.
during red and green test you should ask subjects see red optotypes first.
during fogging, we should add negative sphere to relax accommodation.
during red and green test, if subjects see optotypes on red backgroud clearly,we should add 0.25ds.
how often should an 's optometry follow-up?
which of the following is the most common type of frame glasses?
when selecting the lenses and frames, which of the following should not be considered for patients with high myopia?
glass is preferred for lens material.
which of the following belongs to frame glasses correction?
which of the following situations requires ciliary muscle paralysis when do optometry?
how often should children and adolescents optometry follow-up?
which of the following does not belong to myopia?
which of the following is not suitable for progressive addition lens?
which of the following is the precautions for fitting the progressive addition lens?
which of the following needs to be considered for myopia correaction with frame glasses?
which of the following is not the advantages of resin lenses?
the principle of frame glasses to correct myopia.
which of the following is an advantage of pc lens?
myopia correction is to cure myopia.
optometry prescription is not equal to optician prescription.
children and adolescents' optometry follow-up should be checked every 1 year.
it is recommended that myopia should be corrected fully in clinic.
the lens power of progressive addition glasses is not fixed.
orthokeratology also belongs to frame glasses.
the abbe coefficient of pc lens is high.
the sheet frame has better security than the metal frame.
which of the following is not an advantage of soft contact lenses?
rgp is not a kind of soft contact lens.
how many millimeters the base arc of the soft contact lens is flatter than the curvature of the cornea?
which of the following is the indications for fitting spherical soft lenses?
which of the following is not a kind of contact lens
rgp lens refers to ( ).
the fitting process of rgp lens includes ( ).
rgp lens needs to be worn for ( ) minutes before performing lens fitting assesent and over-refraction.
which of the following is the fitting process of soft contact lenses?
the indications of rgp lens are ( ).
orthokeratology is a kind of soft contact lens.
the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea can be measured by keratometer.
through the keratometer, the wearer's corneal astigmati and the corneal morphology can be checked.
rgp lens is almost free of water and will not absorb evaporated water from the eyes.
rgp lens wearers do not need regular follow-up.
in the static assesent, steep fit refers to the fluorescein staining pattern with center of the lens being black and the peripheral area being yellow-green.
the software fitting system guided by corneal topography has a lower failure rate than the trial lens system.
orthokeratology lens cannot effectively control the growth of the eye axis.
the diameter of the trial lens can be obtained by measuring the horizontal visible iris diameter of cornea with ( ).
generally speaking, the total diameter of the trial lens is ( ) mm aller than hvid.
for ok lens wearers, the growth of the eye axis is ( ) related to the initial age.
orthokeratology lens can effectively control the growth of eye axis, with different studies expressing an effect of ( ) to 60%.
myopia is corrected with ( ).
the occurrence of central island during orthokeratology lens fitting is due to ( ) pressure in the base curve area of the lens.
the common adverse reactions of orthokeratology lens wearing include ( ).
the main methods for fitting orthokeratology lens are ( ).
which factors will affect the effectiveness of orthokeratology lens on myopia control?
no need to sign an informed consent form with the wearers and their family before fitting the orthokeratology lens.
the software fitting system guided by corneal topography takes a longer time for fitting than the trial lens system.
when fitting orthokeratology, the flat k of the corneal topography is preferred as the alignment curve of the first trial lens.
the shorter is the axial length, the greater is the probability of future retinal detachment or macular degeneration.
so far, the mechani of orthokeratology lens on myopia control is still unclear.
the overcorrection of visual acuity refers to insufficient corneal flattening, which limits the improvement of uncorrected visual acuity and needs to wear frame spectacles as a supplement during the day.
the cornea has a certain extend of self-healing function.
the contact lens wearers can continue to wear the lens for 1 month before going to the doctors when unusual situation happens.
current researches show that the use of atropine does not cause light damage to the retina and optic nerve.
atropine needs professional inspection and monitoring only before the use.
the study showed that the efficiency of slowing axial elongation with 0.01% low-concentration atropine combined with orthokeratology was ( ) compared with that of only orthokeratology.
cfda has approved 0.01% low-concentration atropine to carry out clinical trials of drugs in ( )
using atropine to control myopic progression needs rugular follow-up at every ( ) month.
when using atropine eye drops,keep the bottle at a distance of ( )cm from the eyeball.
the symptom after atropine use includes ( ).
the influence factors of atropine on myopia congtrol include ( )
atropine can relieve the spa ooth muscle.
the specific mechani of atropine on myopia control has been clarified.
atropine is not effective for all children.
if myopia was still progressing quickly for a period of time of using at the beginning,then could consider to increase atropine concentration up to 0.05%.
atropine cannot combine with outdoor activities on myopia control.
when using atropine drops,bottle caps should be placed face down to avoid being exposed to bacteria.
when using atropine drops,squeeze out the first eye drops before using.
when using atropine drops,the bottle can touch the eye and eyelashes.
tprk is very suitable for patients who need strenuous exercise
( ) is preferred for patients with high myopia above 10d.
phakic intraocular lens implantation do not retain accommodation function.
in ( ),american mcdonald corrected myopia by excimer laser ,the prk was born.
( ) changed the way of removing the epithelium with traditional mechanical knife or alcohol,excimer laser is used for epithelial removal and stromal cutting throughout,which make surgery more accurate and safe.
the vision recovery of ( ) is slowest in the three types of mainstream surgery.
generally we think that the postoperative safety and efficacy index of ( ) is a normal range.
the patients with high myopia before surgery needs to pay special attention to a fundus examination after surgery.
corneal refractive surgery is mainly for s over ( ) years of age.
( ) is the preferred treatment for high myopia patients with cataracts.
（ ）'s correction range is the widest of current surgical methods.
the positions of atrificial lens include ( )
fs-lasik is a type of lamellar surgery.
tprk is a type of lamellar surgery.
safety index refers to the ratio of average postoperative bcva to preoperative average bcva.
refractive surgery is suitable for all myopia groups.
refractive surgery can eliminate the root cause of myopia
aphakic intraocular lens implantation still keeps accommodation function.
refractive lens exchange,rle for short.
one of piol's biggest adcantages is relative reversibility.
comparing myopia and emmetropia, myopia ( )
( ) belongs to pure myopia lens
which of the following is not a feature of contact lenses?
which of the following is a contraindication to refractive surgery ( )
the current research believes that ( ) atropine has less side effects than other high concentrations and has better control of myopia
the summary report to students'parents includes ( )
what is the core ofinformation system？
which one is not the aim of refractive examination？
( ) means it's astigmatic
the change of the spherical mirror is ( )
which of the following is not a method for myopia correction?
which of the following is not a disadvantage of glass lenses?
which of the following is not an advantage of glass lenses?
in the static assesent，a fluorescein staining pattern with ( ) area being black and ( ) area being yellow-green is observed as flat fit.
it is necessary to monitor ( )
( ) is suitable for patients with thin cornea
factors of myopia include ( )
the complete steps of refraction include ( )
special inspections in the process of fitting contact lenses include ( )
what is myopia screening' characteristic?
standard process of myopia screening includes ( )
results of retinoscopy refraction usually includes ( )
which of the following is an advantage of glass lenses?
the design of orthokeratology lens includes ( )
what are the adverse reactions after topical application of atropine?
what can be done for the patients with dry eye symptoms?
myopia screening includes visual inspection in hospital.
myopia screening is the core of this information system.
contact lenses belong to the second category of medical devices.
atropine is effective for all children.
refractive surgery is not suitable for all minors.
which of the following quantities is path-dependent?
which of the following quantities is intensive property?
which of the following statements about internal energy is wrong?
the rate coefficient of a certain reaction was 0.231 , and the initial concentration of reactants was 0.5, so the half-life of the reaction was
the addition of a catalyst can change which of the following physical quantities of a chemical reaction:
there is a chemical reaction which has only one reactant. its rate coefficient k=0.05.the initial concentration of the reactant is 0.4 . when the reaction rate drops to 1/4 of the initial rate, the required time is:
there is a consecutive reaction where all the elementary steps are in the same reaction order. the reaction is carried out under constant volume condition. if we want to obtain the maximum yield of the intermediate, we shall:
for a reaction a→b, if the concentration of reactant a is reduced by half, its half-life is also reduced by half, then the reaction order of this reaction is:
the relation between the rate coefficient k of a reaction and the rate coefficients of each elementary reactions is , then the relation between the apparent activation energy e of the reaction and the activation energy , , and of each elementary reaction is:
for a first-order gas-phase parallel reaction: a → b, a → c, where the pre-exponential factor, activation energy , and all of them are independent of temperature. it is now measured that is 100 at 298 k, and the value of at 754 k is
for secondary reactions, the lower the initial concentration, the shorter the time required when the reactants convert the same percentage.
according to the activated complex theory, the saddle point on the potential energy surface is the highest point of energy.
if the rate of a reaction is first order kinetic, it must be a monomolecular reaction.
the standard enthalpy of combustion of c5h12 (g) is -3520 kj/mol, the standard enthalpies of formation of co2 (g) and h2o (l) are -395 kj/mol and -286 kj/mol, respectively. caculate the standard enthalpy of formation of c5h12 (g):
the constraint for the equation qv=du is
which of the following quantities is zero?
a heat engine operates between two temperatures 400 °cand 50 °c, calculate the maximum efficiency of this heat engine?
this equation is true for ideal gas.
cp-cv=nr. this equation is valid for any gas.
which of the following processes (under constant t and p) displays a negative ds?
which of the following statements about entropy is wrong?
for pure ideal gas, which of the following is positive?
the chemical potential of 1 mol of ideal gas at 300 k and 100 kpa is μ1，while that is μ2 at 300 k and 80 kpa. then μ1______μ2
the chemical potential of substance b can be defined as
when benzene and toluene at 300 k and 101.325 kpa are mixed to form an ideal solution, there is a change in
the partial molar helmholtz energy is defined as
the height at which the liquid rises in the capillary is inversely proportional to:
under certain pressure and temperature, ( ) will affect the material's surface gibbs function δg.
in comparison with ordinary crystals, the following properties are described incorrectly:
porous silicon has strong water absorption performance. after absorbing water, the silicone surface gibbs free energy δg will ( ).
inject a little mercury (hg) into a horizontal glass capillary tube. the two ends of the horizontal mercury column are convex. if heating the right convex of mercury, the mercury in the capillary will move ( ).
the greater the intermolecular force is, the greater the surface tension is.
the surface tension of solution always decreases with the increase of solution concentration.
the tyndall phenomenon can be used to distinguish sols from all molecule dispersion systems.
in the external dc electric field, agi positive sol moves towards the negative electrode, while its diffusion layer moves towards the positive electrode.
nahco3（s）in a vacuum vessel decomposed partially to na2co3(s), h2o(g) and co2(g), when it reached the following equilibrium :2nahco3(s) =na2co3(s) h2o(g) co2(g), which one is true?
both t and p have definite values at the triple point for a pure substance.
光子的静止质量是（ ）
单电子原子的一个激发态ψ3,1,1(r,θ,φ)，其磁量子数m =
描述微观粒子的波函数ψ，其含义是表示微观粒子在空间某体积微元内出现的概率。
同一能级的不同状态的数目叫能级简并度。
多电子原子系统的能量仅由主量子数决定。
for which of the following sets of values of △h and △s will a reaction be spontaneous only at high temperature?
for chemical reaction aa(g) ＋bb (g) ＝yy (g) ＋zz (g), σνb > 0. when increase the reaction pressure (p↑) , then the equilibrium will