广义的建筑是（ ）的总称。
下面（ ）组全属于建筑物，不包含构筑物。
通常所称学院派的建筑教育体系是指( ) 。
梵蒂冈圣彼得大教堂高达138米，是个体量巨大的建筑物，但是看上不并不显得那么巨大，其原因在于（ ）。
哥特式教堂的结构特征构件是（ ）。
作为建筑工业化体系建造思想的先驱作品，现代建筑史上的里程碑是（ ）。
重要建筑物的建筑设计一般划分为（ ）设计阶段。
民用建筑包括居住建筑和公共建筑，下面属于居住建筑的是（ ）。
建筑构件的耐火极限概念包含（ ）。
“在标准耐火试验条件下，承重或非承重构件在一定时间内抵抗坍塌的能力”是对建筑构件的（ ）描述。
“在标准耐火试验条件下，当建筑分隔构件一面受火时，能在一定时间内防止火焰和热气穿透或在背火面出现火焰的能力”是对建筑构件的（ ）描述。
“在标准耐火试验条件下，当建筑分隔构件一面受火时，能在一定时间内其背火面温度不超过规定值的能力”是对建筑构件的（ ）描述。
沥青混凝土、木板条抹灰的构件，其燃烧性能都属于（ ）。
构成建筑的基本要素是（ ）。
建筑的三个构成要素中起着主导作用的是（ ）。
以下属于高层建筑的是（ ）。
以下不属于多层建筑的是（ ）。
民用建筑按耐火等级和耐久年限分别分（ ）级。
下列不属于民用建筑的是（ ）。
判断建筑构件是否达到耐火极限的具体条件有（ ）。 ①构件是否失去支持能力 ②构件是否变形 ③构件是否失去完整性 ④构件是否失去隔火作用 ⑤构件是否燃烧
根据《建筑模数协调统一标准》的规定，基本模数的数值规定为（ ）。
确定建筑的开间、进深、柱网等平面参数时，最常用的扩大模数是（ ）。
按我国《建筑模数协调统一标准》中的规定，分模数的基数为（ ）。 ①1/10m ②1/5m ③1/4m ④1/3m ⑤1/2m
建筑设计需满足哪些要求（ ）。 ①满足建筑功能的要求 ②采用合理的技术措施 ③具有良好的经济效果 ④考虑建筑美观的要求 ⑤符合总体规划的要求
建筑设计首要考虑因素（）。
建筑设计包含平、立、剖面设计，通常先从（ ）入手来进行方案设计。
建筑平面的组成，按使用性质来分可归纳为两部分，即（ ）。
建筑的平面设计包括（ ）
中学教室设计中，最后一排座位距黑板的距离不宜大于（ ）。
为避免学生过于斜视而影响视力，水平视角（即前排边座与黑板远端的视线夹角）应大于等于（ ）度。
教室第一排座位距黑板的距离必须大于等于（ ）m，以保证垂直视角大于（ ）度。
一般单股人流通行最小宽度取（ ）。
住宅中卧室、厨房、卫生间的门宽一般取为（ ）mm。
影响房间面积大小的因素有（ ）。 ①房间内部活动特点 ②使用人数的多少 ③家具设备的数量 ④家具的布置方式 ⑤结构布置方式
房间内部的使用面积根据它的使用特点，可分为（ ）。 ①家具或设备所占面积 ②使用活动面积 ③交通面积 ④结构所占面积 ⑤管道井所占面积
房间形状的确定取决( )等几方面因素。 ①使用要求 ②结构形式 ③施工条件 ④经济条件 ⑤空间艺术效果
交通联系部分包括（ ）等。 ①水平交通空间 ②垂直交通空间 ③交通枢纽空间 ④使用功能房间 ⑤辅助功能房间
走道的宽度和长度一般根据（ ）因素来确定。 ①人流通行需求 ②防火规范 ③走道性质 ④空间感受 ⑤安全疏散
民用建筑楼梯的位置按其使用性质可分为（ ）等。 ①主要楼梯 ②次要楼梯 ③室内楼梯 ④消防楼梯 ⑤室外楼梯
门的开启方式主要根据（ ）来考虑。 ①日常通行要求 ②房间功能要求 ③走道功能要求 ④安全疏散 ⑤多扇门位置集中时不打架
一单元式住宅建筑，为使户型平面设计达到布局紧凑、增大使用率的目的，在平面设计中省去了户门走道，将多间卧室的门直接开向客厅。从平面组合设计的合理性上分析，该户型设计的不合理之处在于（ ）。
住宅、宿舍、学校、办公楼等建筑类型，大多采用矩形平面的房间的原因在于（ ）。 ①建筑外形较美观 ②便于统一开间、进深，有利于平面空间组合 ③便于家具和设备的安排 ④结构布置和预制构件的选用较易解决
当面积较小房间的开门数量不止一个时，门的位置应考虑（ ）。 ①缩短室内交通路线 ②保留较为完整的活动面积 ③通行便捷和疏散安全 ④尽可能留出便于靠墙布置家具的墙面 ⑤尽可能分散布置以利于房间自然通风
楼梯设计时，梯段的长度一般取决于（ ）。
辅助房间如浴、厕门的宽度一般为（ ）左右。
建筑采用单侧窗采光时，采光进深一般不大于窗上口至地面距离的（ ）倍。
空间结构有（ ）等。
一般公共建筑中楼梯的数量不少于（ ）个。
太阳在天空中的位置可用（ ）来确定。
房屋日照间距的要求，是使后排房屋在底层窗台高度处，保证冬季能有一定的日照时间，通常以（ ）太阳能照到底层窗台高度为设计依据，借以控制建筑的日照间距。
民用建筑中最常见的房间剖面形式是（ ）。
设计视点的高低与地面起坡大小的关系是（ ）
电影院对位排列，其视线升高值为（ ）。
电影院错位排列，其视线升高值为（ ）。
中学演示教室当地面坡度大于（ ），应做成台阶形。
重复小空间的剖面空间组合方式常用于（ ）的平面组合。 ①走道式 ②单元式 ③夹层式 ④大厅式
下列哪一种房间进深过大时，应设置天窗（ ）。
住宅的层高常取（ ）。
中学教室的净高通常取（ ）。
大、中商场底层层高一般取（ ）。
单侧采光房间，窗户上沿离地高应大于房间进深长度的（ ）。
无特殊要求房间窗台高度常取（ ）mm。
为防止墙身受潮，建筑底层室内地面应高于室外地面（ ）以上。
为使观众厅声音均匀，宜采用（ ）顶棚。
托儿所、幼儿园建筑的层数不宜超过（ ）。
房间的净高与层高的关系是（ ）。
影剧院观众厅的顶棚应尽量避免采用（ ），以免产生声音的聚焦。
悬索结构常用于( )建筑。
建筑剖面空间的利用，可采用（ ）手段。 ①夹层空间的利用 ②房间上部空间的利用 ③结构空间的利用 ④楼梯间及走道空间的利用
楼梯平台下的通行净空高度不应小于（ ）米。
楼梯梯段下的通行净空高度不应小于（ ）米。
常用于100米以上高层建筑的结构体系有（ ）米。 ①框架 ②框筒 ③筒体 ④剪力墙
建筑由下至上形成退台的剖面形式，为人们提供了户外活动及绿化景观的露天平台，这种空间组合形式为（ ）。
关于室外台阶的设计因素，正确的是（ ）。 ①考虑建筑内外联系方便 ②考虑建筑首层防水、防潮的要求 ③考虑地形及环境条件 ④结合建筑物性格特征的塑造
无障碍设计对坡道坡度的要求是不大于（ ）。
下列（ ）构图手法不是形成韵律的主要手法
住宅建筑常采用（ ）的尺度。
纪念性建筑常采用（ ）的尺度。
庭院建筑常采用（ ）的尺度。
在建筑构图中，均衡有（ ）两种处理方式。
（ ）是住宅建筑轮廓形状常采用的方式。
建筑立面常通过（ ）反映建筑物真实大小。 ①门 ②窗台 ③栏杆 ④外轮廓
建筑色彩必须与建筑物（ ）相一致。
住宅建筑常利用阳台与凹廊形成（ ）的变化。
建筑构图的基本美学法则包括（ ）。 ①韵律 ②对比 ③统一与变化 ④均衡与对称 ⑤比例 ⑥尺度
亲切尺度是将建筑的尺度设计得（ ）真实感觉，使人感觉亲切、舒适。
立面处理采用水平线条的建筑物显得（ ）。
尺度处理的手法通常有三种，即（ ）。
影响体型和立面设计的因素有（ ）。 ①使用功能 ②物质技术条件 ③城市规划及环境条件 ④社会经济条件
建筑构图中常用以突出主体的方式有（ ）。 ①应用轴线处理突出主体 ②以低衬高突出主体 ③利用形象变化突出主体 ④利用颜色变化突出主体
建筑立面以实为主，实多虚少能产生（ ）的效果。 ①沉重 ②轻盈 ③活泼 ④严肃
以下关于建筑构造的说法，错误的是（ ）。
以下关于建筑构造的说法，正确的是（ ）。 ①建筑构造与建筑功能、形象相关。 ②建筑构造与建筑结构、材料相关。 ③建筑构造与建筑的经济标准相关。 ④建筑构造与建筑艺术相关
房屋一般由（ ）等几部分组成。
建筑的构造组成中属于承重结构的是（ ）。
以下建筑的构造组成中，既是承重结构又是围护结构的是（ ）。
以下建筑的构造组成中，仅作为围护构件的是（ ）。
以下建筑的构造组成中，仅作为承重结构的是（ ）。
以下关于基础的说法，正确的是（ ）。
以下关于墙体的说法，错误的是（ ）。
以下关于楼板层的说法，错误的是（ ）。
以下关于楼梯的说法，错误的是（ ）。
以下关于屋顶的说法，错误的是（ ）。
以下关于门窗的说法，错误的是（ ）。
以下关于“外界环境对建筑构造的影响”的说法，错误的是（ ）。
通常，建筑的三大技术是指（ ）。
以下关于“建筑构造与建筑标准”的说法，正确的是（ ）。
建筑构造的设计原则是（ ）。
沿建筑长轴方向布置的墙体称为（ ）。
墙体按受力情况分为（ ）。
下面那一种墙体类型不是按施工方法分类的（ ）
宿舍类建筑若采用墙体承重，最适合的结构布置方案为（ ）。
乡村小学建筑若采用墙体承重，最适合的结构布置方案为（ ）。
在一般民用建筑中，横墙承重结构的优点有（ ）。 ①空间划分灵活 ②房屋的整体性好 ③结构刚度较大 ④功能适应性强
在一般民用建筑中，纵墙承重结构的优点是（ ）。
外墙保温的技术措施包括（ ）。 ①提高外墙保温能力 ②防止外墙中出现凝结水 ③防止外墙出现空气渗透 ④外墙遮阳处理
提高外墙保温能力可采用（ ）。
保温墙体需设置隔蒸汽层时，隔蒸汽层的位置应在（ ）。
提高外墙隔热能力可采用（ ）技术措施。 ①墙体外表面选用光滑、平整、浅色材料。 ②选用热阻大、重量大的材料作外墙。 ③进行遮阳处理 ④设置隔蒸汽层
以下关于外墙隔声的说法，错误的是（ ）。
以下（ ）在住宅建设中逐步被禁止使用。
常用的实心砖的规格尺寸是（ ）mm（长x宽x高）。
以下砂浆的类型中，和易性最好的是（ ）。
在潮湿环境中，宜选用（ ）进行墙体砌筑。
以下关于“砖墙组砌”的说法，正确的是（ ）。
墙脚采用（ ）材料，可不设防潮层。
当地面采用砂土垫层时，墙身防潮层的位置应在（ ）。
墙脚散水与外墙交接处应进行（ ）处理。
下面（ ）做法不是解决外墙脚防排水问题的。
当门窗洞口上部有集中荷载作用且洞口较大时，其过梁应选用（ ）。
构造柱施工应为（ ）。
下面( )项不属于墙体的结构加强措施。
圈梁与过梁的关系是（ ）。
构造柱的主要作用是（ ）
伸缩缝是为了预防（ ）对建筑物的不利影响而设置的。
沉降缝是为了预防（ ）对建筑物的不利影响而设置的。
抗震缝是为了预防（ ）对建筑物的不利影响而设置的。
下面哪种变形缝是从基础到屋顶全部构件断开。（ ）
下面哪种表述是正确的（ ）
框架结构填充墙的重量由（ ）承担。
轻钢龙骨石膏板隔墙属于（ ）
以下不能用于外墙装修的是（ ）装修做法。
抹灰类墙面装修做法中，底灰的作用是（ ）
关于抹灰墙面的说法，错误的是（ ）。
以下不属于涂料类墙面的是（ ）。
“大白浆”属于（ ）墙面装修。
“马赛克”属于（ ）墙面装修。
墙面踢脚线的高度通常是（ ）mm。
墙裙和护角的高度通常是（ ）mm。
下列哪些项是影响基础埋深的主要因素（ ）。 ①地基材料类型 ②地下水高低 ③冻土线深度 ④相邻基础埋置深度
有关基础的埋置深度的确定原则，错误的是（ ）。
下列哪项不属于建筑的构造组成（ ）。
下列哪一项不属于常见的独立式基础（ ）。
柔性基础的材料应采用（ ）。
刚性基础的特点是（ ）。
矩估计量不具有唯一性
对于区间估计，当样本容量固定时，下面说确的是
对于给定样本，给定置信水平，参数的置信区间是唯一的.
列入世界文化遗产的园林有（ ）
按照园林所处的地理位置分类，园林可以分为（ ）
我国“园林”一词出现始（ ）
我国“园林”一词出现始（ ）
最早见之于文字记载的园林是《诗经》中记述的（ ）
列入世界文化遗产的园林有（）
西方园林追求的美是（ ）
园林的类型有（）
古典园林强调几何规整，沿中轴线对称。
古典园林布局形式以自由、变化、曲折为特点，要求景物源于自然，又高于自然。
古典园林的叠山的石料选择主要有黄石和太湖石两种。
古典园林中，水和石的结合是最为出彩的地方。
无论是东方园林还是西方园林都是由山、水、植物、建筑四个要素综合而成。
三大假山群是指( )。
太湖石的特点：
水的理水手法有：
花中四君子：
三大假山不包括：
最高等级的屋顶形式是：
（）是用来承托建筑物，防潮防蛀。
北京故宫的（），是封建帝王的朝廷，故小兽最多。
四根木头朱围起来的空间称为：
（）是四面斜坡，有一条正脊和四条斜脊，屋面稍有弧度，又称四阿 顶。
乾隆模仿寄畅园建筑的园林是：
石榴在园林铺地中多指（）
浙江曲院风荷拥有江南三大奇石中的（）
著名太湖石“玉玲珑”是（）的主要景观之一
台基的等级有：
彩画的等级有：
廊的功能有（）
因山石而得名的园林有哪些？（）
多用于古典园林的植物有哪些？( )
太湖石的特点有（）。
下列关于园林植物象征意义的表述，正确的是（ ）
园林构成四大要素：
常见的园林铺地团有：
廊的总类有：
旋子彩画的两端靠中部位使用了卷涡纹花瓣，这种卷涡纹花瓣被称为旋子，旋子彩画因此而得名
苏州沧浪亭的复廊，拙政园的水廊，留园的曲廊被誉为“江南三大名廊”。
苏州留园的冠云峰、上海豫园的玉玲珑以及杭州竹素园的瑞云峰有江南三大名石的美誉
“享”古代有停止的意思，它是供人休息、纳凉、避雨和观赏四周景色的地方
苏州四大历史名园是沧浪亭、网师园、拙政园和留园
寄畅园把龙光塔纳入园中是什么手法
颐和园将昆明湖，万寿山纳入园中，是什么造景手法
用山、石、花等将园林中一些不足之处加以掩盖或处理，使之变成一种美景的一种方法叫
在颐和园后山的苏州河中划船，远方的苏州桥主景，为两岸起伏的土山和美丽的林带所夹峙，构成明媚动人的景色。属于造园手法中的
站在杭州白堤垂柳下观赏远景时，西湖美景因为有倒挂的柳丝作为装饰而生动起来，这就是造园手法中的
园林入口处常迎门饰以假山，该假山的构景作用是
园林中常用园窗、园门来造景的手法是
红楼梦大观园的“曲径通幽处”是用的什么造景手法
视觉效果和造园技巧中的三远是指的
以下用了借景的造景手法的园林有
漏景是从框景发展而来。框景景色全观，漏景若隐若现，含蓄雅致。
借景是古典园林建筑中常用的构景手段之一。在视力所及的范围内，将好的景色组织到园林视线中的手法。
园林中的建筑的门、窗、洞，或乔木树枝抱合成的景框，往往把远处的山水美景或人文景观包含其中，这便是框景。
是我国古典园林中的建筑构景手段之一。当远方自然景观或人文景观，如果中间或近处没有过渡景观，眺望时就缺乏空间层次。如果在中间或近处有乔木或花卉作中间或近处的过渡景，这乔木或花卉便是添景。
园林常用的造景手法有借景、障景、漏景、添景、框景、夹景、对景。
下列哪一个不是岭南园林？
清晖园是（ ）布局的经典例子
江南园林之中，被陈从周先生誉为“国内孤例”的是( )
个园原为清代画家石涛故居寿芝园旧址。园中的（ ）在扬州古代园林中别具特色，在国内也属罕见。
从（ ）开始寺观园林由世俗化达到文人化，但尚保留一点烘托佛国、仙界的功能。
园名出自于王羲之诗句的寄畅园在（）
我国现存占地面积最大的帝王宫苑是（）
被园林专家誉为“造园者未见此山，正如学诗者不知李杜”的假山为（）。
下列同属苏州的园林是（）
哪一个不是皇家园林特点？
按照园林所处的地理位置分类，园林可以分为（）
按照园林的所有者分类，园林可以分为（）
皇家园林的特点有（）
皇家园林有（）
四大名园是（）
北京颐和园修建于清乾隆十五年，初建成时称“清晖园”。
皇家园林就是属于皇帝个人和皇室所私有，古籍里称之为苑、苑囿、宫苑、御苑、御园等。
私家园林：属于民间的贵族、官僚、缙绅所私有，古籍里面称之为园、园亭、园野、池馆、山池、山庄、别业、草堂等。
行宫御苑就是建置在都城近郊、远郊的风景优美的地方，供皇帝偶一游憩或短期驻跸之用的皇家园林。
寺观园林就是指佛寺和道观的附属园林，也包括寺观内部庭院和外围地段的园林化环境。
避暑山庄以朴素淡雅的山村野趣为格调，取自然山水之本色，吸收江南塞北之风光，成为现存占地最大的古代皇家园林。
苏州的拙政园，按其占有者身份划分，属私家园林；按其所处地理位置划分，属于江南园林类型。
大运河没有经过那个省？（ ）
下列属于盐商园林的是？（）
艮岳与下面哪个帝王有关系？（）
被称为皇家园林博物馆的是（）
有“一座山庄，半部清史“的美誉的园林是
下列哪些是运河沿线的园林（ ）
书法在园林中常见于（）
下面哪些园林与乾隆有关系？（）
园林文学的形式有（）。
运河对皇家园林的影响：
2014年6月，大运河项目成功申遗列入《世界遗产名录》
“无文景不意，有景景不情”
in multi-cultural communication, physical differences sometimes might result in stereotyping, prejudice or even discrimination.
noise is inevitable in human communication but we can eliminate it completely.
culture is innate as soon as a person is born.
effective communication should be interactive and transactional.
westerners emphasize the instrumental function of communication. therefore, westerners are generally more courteous and indirect in their mode of communication.
the process of communication has 10 components: sender, encoding, message,channel, receiver, decoding, response, feedback, noise and context.
in modern countries, our experience of culture has been profoundly affected by the development of mass media.
culture is compared as the “ hardware of our mind”, regulating and governing people’s behaviors.
four elements affect the quality of intercultural communication. they are conception ，verbal process, nonverbal process and contextual elements.
nervousness about a public speech is psychological noise in a communication process.
6.values are only tranitted by family members and usually passed down from generation to generation.
7. the belief that human nature is basically evil can be traced back to the teachings of christianity.
8. the orientation of man's mastery over nature is characteristic of the western approach.
9. the united states and mexico are typical future-oriented societies.
10. in social relationships that stress group values, people usually seek suggestions from their friends, family members and colleagues.
1. muslims do not eat pork, which is an example of ______values.
2. in china, as in other asian societies, humans are believed to be born _______but corruptible.
3. people who believe that man is ______nature worship the natural world as god and tend to accept their fate.
4. in past-oriented societies, people usually attach great importance to history and ______.
5. the __________cultures stress the idea of development and growth of self.
1. children raised in high power-distance cultures are expected to obey their parents and comply with the requests of their teachers.
2. to avoid hazards, there is a strong need for written rules, regulations and laws in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance.
3. in inidual classrooms, harmony and cooperation in learning are stressed instead of competition.
4. societies with higher masculinity scores tend to enjoy more flexible sex roles and equality between sexes.
5. in low uncertainty avoidance countries, teachers are not viewed as all-knowing and the learning is open-minded with less focus on facts.
6. members in high ________ cultures have a lower tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.
7. iniduals from high ________ cultures accept power as part of society. as a result, superiors consider their subordinates to be different from themselves.
8. in ________cultures, the inidual is emotionally dependent on organizations.
9. in ________ cultures, people solve their conflicts through some peaceful measures, like discussions and negotiations.
10. ________ cultures emphasize personal rights, responsibilities, privacy, one’s own opinions and innovation.
in high context culture people have a hard time saying no
in high context culture the message is more important than the status of who communicated it.
in low context culture it is alright to say “i disagree” to your professor in class.
“i don’t understand” is often used to voice disagreement in low context culture.
paying attention to the status of the communicator is as important as the message itself in low context culture.
in low context culture business is conducted only after enough time is taken for talking about family, health, important politics, etc.
in high context culture the use of intermediaries or go-betweens is common.
in low context culture people get down to business right away and often omit any “all” talk.
in high context culture if you want something, it’s best to come out and ask for it.
in low context culture hinting at something is an effective way of getting what you want.
if we all speak the same language, we can communicate happily with each other.
language and culture are closely related.
every word has a cultural connotation.
our social norms are determined and will never change.
people in some arabic countries use a lot of adjectives in their communications.
americans often communicate in a matter-of-fact way.
ranks in the armed forces like captain, colonel can be used as titles.
chinese hospitality toward the westerners is always greatly appreciated.
red is considered a festival color all over the world.
addressing forms like “miss mary”, “brown” by the chinese may be a form of cultural compromise.
nonverbal communication plays just a minor role in a typical communication process.
illustrators can be used independently of verbal messages.
monochronic time cultures attach more importance to schedules than to relationships.
future-oriented cultures tend to show a great deal of respect for elders.
even after you have put a marker for a piece of public territory, it is still subject to disagreement or invasion.
gestures have universal meaning because different cultures use them in the same way.
present-oriented people put their life in the hands of unseen forces such as fate or luck.
proxemics refers to how people use, structure, interpret and understand time.
americans are more polychronic than chinese.
arabs, with their strong religious influence, maintain greater personal distance than americans.
in the 2nd stage of cultural shock, intercultural travelers may have a better feeling of their communication competence.
travelers will not have cultural shock when travelling within the same country.
greek people put greece at the center of their maps, which is a sign of ethnocentri.
american people are more open to strangers, and the germans are more prudent…… that’s always the truth.
a citizen born in china will naturally identify him/herself as chinese
when moving to another country, most people will happily become part of the new culture.
once stricken by the cultural shock, one can hardly recover.
cultural shock will cause many symptoms, but not include stomachs and headaches.
a all number of cross-cultural travelers may choose to cut connections with his/her home culture and stay away from the host culture as well.
it’s proper to discuss erotic movies with japanese people, since they are very interested and produced many such movies.
american counterparts will insist on using first names almost immediately, which is a sign of familiarity.
since education is an important social context, online learning is a primary vehicle for teaching and learning cultural values.
generally speaking, students in eastern culture prefer to assist each other in finishing their assignment.
to maintain harmony and save face, indirect communication style prevails in chinese business.
it’s advisable to avoid eye contact in a conversation with an american businesan as direct eye contact is considered as a sign of challenge.
chinese have a tendency to like periods of silence during negotiations and in conversations in general.
teachers from hierarchy culture don’t necessarily maintain students’ face as they are regarded as the authority in class.
gift giving is often discouraged or limited by many us companies and therefore most employees are unable to accept them.
with the influence of iniduali, western students are intrinsically motivated to learn.
chinese businesen tend to restrain their emotion and discard loud behaviors.
_____ may be appropriate gift given to the western business partners.
japanese businesen regard business card as ____
____ is an important part of japanese business etiquette.
iniduali is characterized by ______.
in cultures of high power distance, people ______.
which of the following statements in not the feature in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance index?
which one is correct among all the sentences below?
which is considered high-context culture among all the actions below?
which is considered low-context culture among all the actions below?
culture refers to the total way of living of particular groups of people. it includes everything that a group of people think, say, do, and make. in the following statements, which one is cultural?
the american philosopher thoreau once wrote, “ all the past is here.” as for culture, what does that mean?
the dialogues between leaders that represent the communication between countries in apec or in g20 summit will be considered as:
which of the following kinesic behaviors may be more culture-specific?
time can be defined in the following ways except _______.
past-oriented cultures show less concern and respect for ________.
in the united state, while inviting guests over for dinner, what do the hosts usually do?
which of the following english sayings does not have a similar connotation in chinese language?
which of the following cultural group is likely to use a personal communication style instead of a contextual communication style?
______________ is the first stage of the culture shock where everything is new and exciting.
_______________refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.
mr. zhang, a chinese immigrant in the u.s, has adapted himself to american culture and gradually lost his chinese cultural identity. this process is called_____________
which of the following is the most typical being-in-becoming culture?
which statement about values is incorrect?
dominance, harmony, and subjection are all value orientations that correspondto which of the following cultural problems?
there’re two mainly two kinds of education styles which are _____.
which of the following statements are true when chinese businesen intend to show their disagreement?
when facing conflicts, american businesen would_____.
in low power distance cultures, ________.
what are the characteristics in masculine cultures?
people tend to ________ in inidualist cultures.
which cultures below are usually considered high-context culture countries?
which cultures below are usually considered low-context culture countries?
which situations below are considered high-context culture?
culture is compared to an iceberg. just as an iceberg has a visible section above the waterline and a larger invisible section below the waterline, so culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can only be suspected, imaged and intuited. among the following features of culture, which ones are considered observable?
despite the fact that we all understand communication differently, some characteristics of communication are common to all human beings. which ones are true among the following statements?
because of different cultures people have different customs and behaviors. in the following statements, which ones are not popular in chinese culture?
which of the following statements about nonverbal communications are true?
so far as intercultural communication is concerned, it is likely that ___________.
which of the following may be typical of polychromic cultures?
in______ it is common for someone to call his or her mother-in-law by her first name.
how do young people in america likely to greet others?
which of the following statements about verbal styles are true?
which of the following questions would offend speakers of english?
in china, if a tibetan communicates with a han, it is _____.
while the highest goal of communication in the eastern culture is to achieve ____________, the highest goal of communication in the west is to achieve the practical cooperation from others.
which two great philosophers influenced chinese's belief that people are believed to be born good but may become corrupt?
which of the two exemplify men's mastery over nature?
which of the following statements are true concerning social relationship?
women usually place their greatest workplace values on status and power.
people in past-oriented cultures respect old people and place high value on history and experiences.
misinterpretations do result every time members from two cultures communicate.
ethnocentri is usually learned at the conscious level.
cultural breakdowns, setbacks or conflicts result from misinterpretations, ethnocentri, and stereotype as a result of racial biases.
“fox” in both eastern and western culture has the same connotation.
the elaborate style, which involves the use of rich, expressive language is often used by japanese people.
once we have mastered a foreign language, we can communicate with its native speakers freely with no barriers.
private territories are more formally marked and thus bear more validity.
relationships exert such a minor influence on personal space that they may well be neglected.
formal time systems refer to the precise, scientific measurement of time units such as light years or microseconds.
in multi-cultural communication, physical differences sometimes might result into stereotyping, prejudice or even discrimination.
culture is innate as soon as a person is born.
westerners emphasize the instrumental function of communication. therefore, westerners are generally more courteous and indirect in their mode of communication.
in low context culture it is alright to say “i disagree” to your professor in class.
paying attention to the status of the communicator is as important as the message itself in low context culture.
in low context culture business is conducted only after enough time is taken for talking about family, health, important politics, etc.
in inidualist cultures, people usually speak their minds and tell the truth openly and directly.
in feminine cultures,the gender wage gap is larger and fewer women are at management status.
in low-uncertainty avoidance cultures, people tend to accept and welcome different and unusual ideas and try new things.
building company as oppose to personal relationships is valued higher in american business culture.
chinese have a tendency to like periods of silence during negotiations and in conversations in general.
the desire to debate issues directly and openly leads american businesen to be seen by some cultures as aggressive and even rude.
from the view of intercultural communication, three contexts might occur frequently and be influenced most by cultural differences，which are business, health care and ______.
_____is a kind of settings intertwined with a lot of cultural exchanges in business, such as a collaborative business venture.
culture affects all areas of business communications including both_____ and _____ ones.
in ______ cultures, people are born into extended families that support and protect them in exchange for their loyalty.
people from high ______ cultures tend to see same-sex relationships as more intimate than opposite-sex relationships.
members in the culture of high ______ have a lower tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.
in ________, information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence.
in ________, the verbal message contains most of the information and very little is shown in the context or the participants.
the american anthropologist edward t. hall offers us an effective means of examining cultural similarities and differences in both perception and communication. he defines ________ as “ the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of the event.”
the process of communication has 10 components: sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, response, ________, noise and context.
culture is compared as the “_______of our mind”, regulating and governing people’s behaviors.
four elements affect the quality of intercultural communication. they are _____, verbal process, nonverbal process and contextual elements.
in many english-speaking countries, it is common for people address each other by using their _______ name.
when we use a word, sometimes we use its literal meaning or basic meaning. that is called the ______ of words
maps drawn by different countries put their country at the center of the map. this could be interpreted as a symbol of _____________
the four strategies of cultural adaptation include acculturation, separation and segregation, integration and _________________.
usually ethnocentri may cause many negative effects, while we have to admit that it may also have ______________ effects in some cases.
valuesthat are common to all human beings are ________values.
in being cultures, social status and________are more important than what a person does.
in ________ -oriented cultures, people tend to look forward in thought or action and emphasize what is to come.
the kinesic behavior of pointing index fingers while giving directions is called a(n) _______.
the kinesic behavior of avoiding eye-contact with teachers during the question session is called a(n) _________.
the kinesic behavior of unconsciously scratching an itch is called a(n) _______.
门式刚架结构一般采用的材料是_________。
轻型门式刚架结构的优点是_________。
门式刚架结构的经济合理柱距是_____________。
门式刚架结构，无桥式吊车时，柱脚多按铰接支承设计。
门式刚架结构荷载计算中，风荷载体形系数取值依据是___________。
按照荷载效应组合原则，屋面均布活荷载不与雪荷载同时考虑，应取两者中的较小值。
板件的屈曲后强度利用是指__________后，仍有较高的承载力可以利用。
在轻型门式刚架结构中，工字形梁截面的翼缘为构件主要受力部位，（ ）发生局部失稳。
确定楔形柱刚架平面内计算长度系数的方法有___________。
构件的计算长度是指其几何长度乘以计算长度系数。
门式刚架楔形柱的设计要进行计算内容有__________。
变截面柱的整体稳定保证要从两个方面计算，既要保证弯矩作用平面内的稳定又要保证弯矩作用平面外的稳定性。
刚架斜梁采用变截面依据是__________。
门式刚架梁腹板应在中柱连接处、较大固定集中荷载作用处、翼缘转折处设置横向加劲肋。
常用的实腹式的檩条截面是_____________。
拉条的作用是防止檩条侧向变形和扭转的构件，并且为屋面坡度方向提供了中间支点。
未采用搭接方式连接的檩条是按_____________计算的。
墙梁的计算简图为单向受弯的简支梁。
门式刚架中的隅撑是连接___________之间的构件。
隅撑是按压弯杆件设计的。
屋面压型钢板通常选用的板型____________。
墙面压型钢板，可以根据建筑效果等要求，压型钢板的波谷是可以横向放置也可以竖向放置的。
屋面压型钢板计算简图是等效为___________构件计算的。
压型钢板应计算内容是稳定性和挠度。
节点设计时应遵循的基本原则是___________。
节点刚性连接设计，是指这种连接即要承受竖向荷载同时还要承受弯距。
梁-柱节点处的端板厚度t是根据__________确定的。
门式刚架斜梁与柱相交的节点域（腹板）常常承受较大的剪力作用。
在无檩屋盖体系中，钢屋架上弦杆的平面外计算长度该取 。
中、重型厂房的屋顶可以采用 结构体系。
柱网布置考虑的因素有 。
托梁或托架与屋架的连接有 和 两种方式。
中、重型厂房的柱脚通常做成 。
中、重型厂房的柱顶的连接方式通常为 和 两类。
柱间支撑体系在吊车梁以上的部分称为________。
纵向传力系统的作用有 。
肩梁通常近似地按照_________这样一种力学模型来进行强度验算。
中、重型厂房的柱可以是 。
梯形屋架腹杆体系一般采用 。
根据屋架外形的不同，常见的钢屋架一般可以分为 _______、______和 ________ 三种。
两屋盖横向水平支撑的距离不宜大于 。
桁架各节点计算内力时假定为 。
屋架杆件的内力，可以按照节点荷载作用下的铰接平面桁架，用我们在结构力学中所学的图解法或解析法进行分析。
屋架支座斜杆和支座竖杆在桁架平面内的计算长度应取等于 。
轴心受拉杆的计算长度是取节点之间的几何长度。
桁架杆件的角钢截面应优先选用______________。
随着厂房结构的发展，屋架杆件已经有用 t型钢取代 的趋势，特别是屋架的弦杆。
三角形屋架节点板的厚度由 决定。
双角钢组成的t形或十字形截面的杆件，为了保证两个角钢共同工作，通常两角钢之间应每隔一定距离设置一个________。
节点板外形应力求规整，一般采用的形状有 等。
钢屋架节点设计的具体任务是确定节点的构造、连接焊缝及节点承载力的计算。
吊车梁受到的荷载有 。
吊车荷载是动荷载，还应该考虑动力作用，目前一般都是通过乘以稳定系数来考虑动力作用。
重型厂房钢结构吊车梁的截面组成形式有 。
垂直支撑要设置在梁两端1/4~1/3的范围内。
钢结构吊车梁上翼缘与腹板的连接焊缝主要承受 和 。
对于设置有制动结构的吊车梁，侧向弯曲刚度很大，整体稳定可以得到保证，不需要验算。
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